Important Local Events: Read pages 358-359, answering … (1) Difference between “Indian cultures” and “white people” values associated with land? (2) By the late 1860’s, many Native Americans had been placed on … (3) What developments threaten Native American civilizations? 1874 – Custer Black Hills Expedition 1874-79 – Black Hills Gold Rush 1876 – Battle of the Little Bighorn 1877 – Black Hills Cession 1879 – American Indian Boarding School Movement (first Lakota children taken) 1883 – Court of Indian Offenses 1887 – Dawes Act 1889 – Sioux Act of 1889

“The West & The Gilded Age” 1870 1890 1900 Important things to understand about this era in U.S. History: ** Time of Individualism 1862 - Legislation developing the West: Homestead Act, Land Grant Act, Pacific Railway Act 1870’s and 1880’s - Settling the Plains, Custer’s Black Hills Expedition (1874), Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876) 1860’s to 1890’s - Wars between U.S. Government and Lakota / Dakota / Nakota / Cheyenne 1890’s - Wounded Knee

The West

Great Plains

Homesteads “Sod busters” “Soddies”

Settling the West Dry farming methods … Impact … Seed drills … Steel plow … Mechanical reaper … Windmills … Threshing machines … Mechanical binder … Impact … Threshing machine Seed drill Steel plow Reaper

Great Sioux Reservation of 1868

“Oceti Sakowin”: The People of the Seven Council Fires - Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota

“Tiospaye” “Oyate” Nomadic … Impact of the horse … Buffalo … Lakota Indian term for “extended family,” which provides the social support and material assistance. “Oyate” “The people” “The nation” “One large family” Nomadic … Impact of the horse … Buffalo …

“Mitakuye Oyasin” “All are related” “All my relatives" or “We are all related” “Inter-connectedness” It is a prayer of oneness and harmony with all forms of life: other people, animals, birds, insects, trees and plants, and even rocks, rivers, mountains and valleys. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yCW0lqeaMk

Beliefs and Ideas Shape History!!!! Settling the Great Plains … Verses * Oceti Sakowin * “Tiospaye” - extended family

Traditional Lakota Lands Traditional homelands …

Assimilation (1887) - Dawes Act – communal tribal lands divided into 160 acre allotments per family Two cows and yoke of oxen Farm tools $20 cash Seed for five acres for two years 40 Acres 40 Acres 160 Acre Allotments 40 Acres 40 Acres