Unit 2 We Once They Stood We Stand Chapter 2

The People Who Lived Here Key Words Lifestyle – The way people live their lives. Emigrate- to leave ones country of origin to go to another country. Immigrant – To enter into a country from another country Internal migration- moving from one place to another within a country. Natural increase – when the birth rate is greater than the death rate. Pull Factor- things that attract people to a country. Push Factor – things that force people to leave their own country.

Native people The Five native groups are: Beothuk – First Aboriginal group of the Island of Newfoundland. Mi’kmaq - Native group who claim to be from Newfoundland but no evidence has been found to support the claim Innu – Eastern Branch of the Algonquin people in Labrador and Quebec. Inuit – Found in Labrador and Northern Canada Labrador Metis – Natives of mixed race

Native Words Mamateek - Native housing used by the beothuk. Ktaqmkuk – Newfoundland ( Land across the water) Miawpukek – Mi’kmaq first nation community found at Conne River. Natuashish, Sheshatshiu – Native communities of Labrador. Nitassinan – means “our land” Innu-Aimun – Native language of the Innu Mushuau – Northern Innu

Native Words Inukitut – Native language of the Innuit Umiak – Large dog sled Qamartalik – Innuit sod houses Tupiq – Innuit Skin tent Kablunangajuit - Metis word meaning “almost white man”

Immigrants The majority of Immigrants in Newfoundland came from English, Irish, Scottish and French descent. A majority of the population, like today, lived on the Avalon Peninsula. Push Factors include unemployment, religious discrimination, and racial factors. Pull factors include employment, religious freedom and equal opportunities. See pages 36-37 for group, location and occupation.

Michael Flemming Irish immigrant Was the motivating force behind the construction of the Basilica in St. John’s. He was appointed Catholic Bishop of St. John’s in 1830. He died shortly after the construction was completed. He is buried in the cathedral’s crypt

Other immigrants A minority of immigrants came from places like, Lebanon, Eastern Europe, and China Chinese people had to pay a $300.00 entry fee and Chinese women were not allowed into the country.

Newfoundlanders and Labradorians By 1860 90% of the people living in Newfoundland and Labrador were born here. Thus, they considered themselves Newfoundlanders and Labradorians instead of from their country of origin. People moved around the country to follow their seasonal hunting patterns and to follow employment. (Internal Migration).