Settling Differences Chapter 17 Section 1 & 2

Sectionalism Threatens Union The issue of free states and slave states did not end with the Missouri Compromise. The Missouri Compromise had applied only to the states created from the (1) Louisiana Purchase. As new territory is added to the U.S., the issue of slavery threatened to tear the nation apart.

Missouri Compromise The Wilmot Proviso called for banning slavery in any territory acquired from the Mexican Cession in 1848. As new territories acquired from Mexico in the (2) Mexican Cession in 1848 applied for statehood, the issue of slavery caused increase (3) sectionalism. Senator Lewis Cass recommended that the issue be decided by (4) popular sovereignty.

Election of 1848 Vs. Democrats: General Lewis Cass promoted the idea of popular sovereignty. Whigs: Zachary Taylor Hero of the Mexican War Slave owner Not a politician Vs.

A New Party and election results Some Northerners from the (5) Free-Soil Party. Anti-slavery third party. Martin Van Buren ran. Diverted enough votes away from Cass in New York to give (6) Taylor the election.

California Question The discovery of gold in California in 1848 leads to a huge increase in population. When California applies for statehood as a free state, Senator (7) John Calhoun warned that the South would (8) secede if California entered as a free state.

Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay comes up with a series of compromises collectively called the (9) Compromise of 1850. Senator (10) Daniel Webster supported the bill and senator (11) Stephen Douglas guided it through Congress. Signing of the Compromise of 1850. Henry Clay

Compromise of 1850 – cont. California entered as a free state. Ended the slave trade in the (12) District of Columbia. A (13) Fugitive Slave Law is passed. (14) New Mexico and (15) Utah become territories with popular sovereignty. The Compromise provided a temporary patch, but many (16) Southerners believed the South had been wronged.

Compromise of 1850

Fugitive Slave Law By law, Americans were required to help catch runaway slaves and faced fines and imprisonment for helping a runaway slave. This law infuriated northerners and caused (17) Harriet Tubman to guide slaves all the way to Canada.

Abolitionists Protests Ex-slaves such as Frederick Douglas use “slave narratives” to speak out against slavery. One of the most famous “slave narratives” was written by (18) Sojourner Truth. The novel (19) Uncle Tom’s Cabin swayed northerners against slavery. Harriet Beecher Stowe So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

Kansas-Nebraska Act I. The Nebraska Territory was divided into two parts: Nebraska (NE) and Kansas (KS).

Kansas-Nebraska Act II. The people of each territory voted on whether or not to allow slavery. (popular sovereignty)

* The Kansas-Nebraska Act violated the (20) Missouri Compromise opening the North to the possibility of slavery.

“Bleeding Kansas” Before the vote on slavery: • Northerners crossed the border and built the town of (21) Lawrence to keep it a free state. • Southerner drifters called (22) border ruffians crossed the border and voted for a proslavery government. • Both sides claimed victory on the vote!

Violence Erupts When proslavery Kansans killed abolitionists, the abolitionist (23) John Brown took revenge. In the Senate, Senator Charles Sumner speaks out against slavery and is attacked with a cane by (24) Preston Brooks.

Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott (a slave) sued for his freedom after living in a free territory. In a (25) Supreme Court decision, Chief Justice (26) Roger Taney delivered the opinion that Scott had no right to sue in a federal court. The court also ruled the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that the (27) Constitution protected slavery.