WOOD 280 - Hardwood anatomy (www.agpix.com) (Côté)

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Presentation transcript:

WOOD 280 - Hardwood anatomy (www.agpix.com) (Côté)

Hardwood Cell Type Vessel elements Ring porous Diffuse porous Always present 3-25 % by weight 5-60 % by volume Vessels - couple of mm in length to several meters long Vessel elements - short, thin cell wall & large diameter cells 0.3-1.0 mm long 50-500 m diameter Perforation plates Function - transport of water and mineral salts Inter-vessel pitting Spiral thickening Tyloses Porous Nature: Ring porous Diffuse porous Semi-ring porous (Hoadley)

scalariform perforation plate Red alder (Alnus rubra) scalariform perforation plate (Hoadley)

simple perforation plate scalariform perforation plates

Intervessel pitting (Hoadley)

Hardwood – vessel element connections Perforation plate Intervessel pitting

Hardwood Pores Distribution Ring porous Semi-ring porous Diffuse porous (Hoadley)

Pores are further described according to their position relative to one another in cross-section. (Hoadley)

Spiral thickening in vessel elements Simple perforation plate Spiral thickening

Spiral thickening in vessel elements

Fibres Always present Abundant 40-90 % by weight 20-75% by volume Long, needle-like cells Thickened walls, heavily lignified 0.5-1.5 mm long 20-30 m diameter Function - mechanical support

Hardwood fibers Cell wall Cell lumen Compound middle lamella

Fiber Cell Wall Thickness Variation Basswood Elm

Fiber Cell Wall Thickness Variation Yellow Poplar Black Locust