Section 4: Two Nations Live on the Edge

What is Brinkmanship? Brinkmanship: To get as close to total war without actually going to war. Both US/SU rushed to develop a more powerful nuclear weapon: a. H-Bomb: 60-700x than an A-Bomb. b. The US developed it first, Nov., 1952.

Operation Crossroads (3:29 min)

Fear of nuclear war lasted for over 30 years (air-raids, bomb shelter, fallout shelters)

Cold War Around the World CIA and KGB Secretly helped overthrow governments that were not friendly to their country. Where? -Middle-East -Central Asia -SE Asia -Central America -Africa

Iran

Cold War and Iran 1. In 1951, P.M. of Iran, Mohammed Mossadegh, nationalized Iran’s oil fields. 2. This hurt the UK. Most oil fields were owned by British companies. Mohammed Mossadegh Overthrown by the CIA/M-I 5

3. The US was afraid Iran would turn to USSR. 4. The CIA helped put the recently exiled Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi back in power. 5. The Shah gave back the oil fields to Western companies. 6. He was very unpopular and was overthrown in 1979. Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 1979 Islamic Revolution (4:11 min.) Ayatollah Khomeini

Egypt— Suez Crisis (3:04 min.)

US pulls money out of the deal. Tries to get the US and UK to built the Aswan Dam by playing them against the SU. Buys weapons from SU. US pulls money out of the deal. Nasser nationalizes the Suez canal, which was owned by the French and UK (they built it in 1869) Nasser closes the canal to Israel (created by the UN in 1948) Israel, UK and France attack Egypt. Ike forced the participants to stop fighting and adhere to a UN vote. Gamal Abdel-Nasser 1954

Aswan Dam

Eisenhower Doctrine The US would defend Middle East from the SU and communism.