The Brain Chapter 14
Principal Structures
Embryology
Ventricles Lateral ventricles Septum pellucidum Third ventricle Cerebral aqueduct Fourth ventricle Central canal of spinal cord
Meninges Dura Mater Arachnoid Pia
Cerebral Spinal Fluid Cushions Supports Transports Formed by choroid plexus Regulated by ependymal cells different composition than blood
Blood Brain Barrier Formed by endothelial cells and astrocytes Lipid soluble molecules cross freely Large molecules must use carriers Absent in 4 areas Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal gland, Choroid plexus
Medulla Oblongata Autonomic nuclei Reticular Formation Reflex centers for the cardiovascular and respiratory systems Nuclei of cranial nerves: VII, IX, X, XI, XII Relay station for sensory and motor neurons Nucleus gracious, Nucleus cuneatus, Solitary nucleus, Olivary nuclei
Pons Connects cerebellum with brainstem and cerebrum Nuclei of cranial nerves: V, VI, VII, VIII Respiratory center Relay for cerebellum Ascending, descending, transverse tracts
Cerebellum Adjustment of postural muscles Programing and fine adjustment of movement
Midbrain Corpora Quadrigemina Superior colliculus Inferior colliculus Red nucleus Substantial Nigra Cerebral peduncles Reticular Activating System
Diencephalon Epithalamus Thalamus Hypothalamus
Thalamus Final relay station for ascending tracts 5 major nuclei Anterior Medial Ventral Posterior Lateral
Hypothalamus Mammillary bodies Infundibulum 8 major functions
Hypothalamus 8 Major functions Subconscious control of skeletal muscle Control of autonomic centers Link between the nervous and endocrine system Secretion of ADH and Oxytocin Emotion and behavior Coordinates voluntary and autonomic functions Regulates body temperature Circadian rhythms
Limbic System Emotion Links conscious and unconscious thoughts or actions Memory
Cerebrum Receives sensory information and sends motor commands Lateralization Generalized map
Cerebral White Matter Association fibers Arcuate fibers Projection fibers Commissural fibers
Basal Nuclei Masses of grey matter Functions Control of skeletal muscle tone Coordination of learned movements
Cortex
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters