The Brain Chapter 14.

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Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings C h a p t e r 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves PowerPoint® Lecture Slides.
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Presentation transcript:

The Brain Chapter 14

Principal Structures

Embryology

Ventricles Lateral ventricles Septum pellucidum Third ventricle Cerebral aqueduct Fourth ventricle Central canal of spinal cord

Meninges Dura Mater Arachnoid Pia

Cerebral Spinal Fluid Cushions Supports Transports Formed by choroid plexus Regulated by ependymal cells different composition than blood

Blood Brain Barrier Formed by endothelial cells and astrocytes Lipid soluble molecules cross freely Large molecules must use carriers Absent in 4 areas Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal gland, Choroid plexus

Medulla Oblongata Autonomic nuclei Reticular Formation Reflex centers for the cardiovascular and respiratory systems Nuclei of cranial nerves: VII, IX, X, XI, XII Relay station for sensory and motor neurons Nucleus gracious, Nucleus cuneatus, Solitary nucleus, Olivary nuclei

Pons Connects cerebellum with brainstem and cerebrum Nuclei of cranial nerves: V, VI, VII, VIII Respiratory center Relay for cerebellum Ascending, descending, transverse tracts

Cerebellum Adjustment of postural muscles Programing and fine adjustment of movement

Midbrain Corpora Quadrigemina Superior colliculus Inferior colliculus Red nucleus Substantial Nigra Cerebral peduncles Reticular Activating System

Diencephalon Epithalamus Thalamus Hypothalamus

Thalamus Final relay station for ascending tracts 5 major nuclei Anterior Medial Ventral Posterior Lateral

Hypothalamus Mammillary bodies Infundibulum 8 major functions

Hypothalamus 8 Major functions Subconscious control of skeletal muscle Control of autonomic centers Link between the nervous and endocrine system Secretion of ADH and Oxytocin Emotion and behavior Coordinates voluntary and autonomic functions Regulates body temperature Circadian rhythms

Limbic System Emotion Links conscious and unconscious thoughts or actions Memory

Cerebrum Receives sensory information and sends motor commands Lateralization Generalized map

Cerebral White Matter Association fibers Arcuate fibers Projection fibers Commissural fibers

Basal Nuclei Masses of grey matter Functions Control of skeletal muscle tone Coordination of learned movements

Cortex

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters