Sleep and Wakefulness (and Circadian Rhythms)

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Presentation transcript:

Sleep and Wakefulness (and Circadian Rhythms)

What is Sleep?

Minimal Behavioral Activity

A rapidly reversible state of quiescence

Increased Arousal Threshold

Species-Specific Posture Tobler and Stadler, 1988

Measurement of Sleep

Two Types of Sleep Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep Four different stages (1 [lightest] – 4 [deepest]) Mixed-frequency EEG low amplitude, high voltage or high amplitude, low voltage Relatively little muscle movements Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep Low-amplitude, high voltage EEG Synchronous eye movements http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ6I9N7t7Vc Paralysis Narcolepsy: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvMyuZKGKAY

Brain-Spinal Cord Induction of Paralysis During REM sleep

Time Course of Sleep

Ontogeny of Sleep

Neural Control of Sleep

Neural Control of (NREM) Sleep Bottom-Up Processing

Flip-Flop Circuit Cliff Saper, Bob McCarley, Jerome Siegel

Neural Control of (REM) Sleep PGO waves pons-geniculate-occipital areas OR Brainstem-Thalamus-Occipital Cortex

Neural Control of Spindles

Really Cool Probing of Sleep-Regulatory Areas With Optogenetics

Circadian Rhythms

Basic Criteria of Circadian Rhythms Any physiological or behavioral process that oscillates predictably across 24 hrs This rhythm can be shifted by environmental factors (light, drugs, mating) Persist even with the removal of environmental triggers (light, seasons)

Some Out-of-Phase Physiological Rhythms

Rhythms in Humans Nathaniel Kleitman and Eugene Aserinsky

Neural (SCN) Control of Rhythms SCN: Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Beyond the SCN: Molecular Control of Rhythms

Real-Time Recording of Molecular Feedback in the SCN

Working in Tandem Interaction between sleep and circadian brain systems characterized as the “two-process model”

More Questions? You can stop by for a lab visit