32-bitni mikrokontroleri i primena - MS1BMP

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32-bitni mikrokontroleri i primena - MS1BMP 2014 Nenad Jovičić

Organizacija kursa Predavač: Web: tnt.etf.rs/~ms1bmp Ispit: doc. Dr Nenad Jovičić nenad@etf.rs Web: tnt.etf.rs/~ms1bmp Ispit: Demonstracija projekta Diskusija o projektu test? …videcemo jos

Projekat Implementacija jednostavnog hardversko-softverskog sistema/uređaja na Cortex-M3 razvojnoj platformi. Projekat ne treba da bude obiman po broju korišćenim periferija, ali treba da bude detaljan u ispitivanju mogućnosti izabranih periferija. Ide se u dubinu a ne u širinu.

Projekat - rokovi danas - 23.10.2014. – Prikupljanje predloga projekata. 23.10.2014. Izveštaj 1. - Idejno rešenje. 23.10.2014. - 6.11.2014. – Definisanje spiska potrebnih komponenti. 6.11.2014. Izveštaj 2. - Dizajn hardvera na nivou električne šeme. Dizajn softvera na nivou osnovnih softverskih blokova i dijagrama toka. 6.11.2014. - 27.11.2014. – Nabavka komponenti. 27.11.2014. – 31.12.2014. Realizacija/finalizacija projekta. Ispitni rok januar 2014 – Finalni izveštaj.

Literatura - knjige ARM System-on-Chip Architecture, Steve Furber, Addison-Wesley, 2000. ARM System Developer's Guide: Designing and Optimizing System Software, Andrew N. Sloss, Dominic Symes, Chris Wright and John Rayfield, Elsevier, 2004. The Definitive Guide to the ARM Crotex-M3, Joseph Yiu, Elsevier, 2010. The Definitive Guide to ARM® Cortex®-M3 and Cortex®-M4 Processors, Third Edition, Joseph Yiu, Elsevier, 2013. – tesko se nabavlja

Literatura – ARM-ova dokumentacija ARMv7-M Architecture Reference Manual (ARM DDI 0403) ARM Cortex-M3 Integration and Implementation Manual (ARM DII 0240) ARM AMBA® 3 AHB-Lite Protocol (v1.0) (ARM IHI 0033) ARM AMBA™ 3 APB Protocol Specification (ARM IHI 0024) AMBA® 3 ATB Protocol Specification (ARM IHI 0032) ARM CoreSight™ Components Technical Reference Manual (ARM DDI 0314) ARM Debug Interface v5 Architecture Specification (ARM IHI 0031) ARM Embedded Trace Macrocell Architecture Specification (ARM IHI 0014). IEEE Standard Test Access Port and Boundary-Scan Architecture 1149.1-2001 (JTAG). ...

ARM Holding osnovan 1990 godine, kao zajedničko preduzeće kompanija Accorn, Apple i VLSI Technology. ARM ne proizvodi čipove već se bavi dizajnom arhitekture i procesora, tj. IP-a. Skoro svi vodeći proizvođači elektronskih komponenti otkupljuju licence od ARMa i na osnovu njih proizvode svoje varijante mikrokontrolera i mikroprocesora. Osnovna ideja je da procesorsko jezgro bude standardizovano (ARM), a da svaki proizvođač dodaje svoje specifične periferije.

ARM partneri

Aplikacije

Najmanji ARM računar Wirelessly networked into large scale sensor arrays Wireless Sensor Network Sensors, timers Cortex-M0 +16KB RAM 65nm UWB Radio antenna 10 kB Storage memory ~3fW/bit 12µAh Li-ion Battery A B C University of Michigan Cortex-M0; 65¢

Najveći ARM računar 2.5km 4200 ARM powered Neutrino Detectors 70 bore holes 2.5km deep 60 detectors per string starting 1.5km down 1km3 of active telescope 2.5km 1km Work supported by the National Science Foundation and University of Wisconsin-Madison

Lider u sferi mobilnih računara Attach rate – broj dodatnih uređaja prodatih uz osnovni proizvod Mali graphics – grafički koprocesor

Progres u oblasti namenski računarskih (embedded) sistema YoY - year over year IoT – internet of things aplications

Arhitekture ARM procesora Arhitektura je skup opstih pravila, a procesor je kao neka gradjevina specificna…

ARM – evolucija arhitektura

ARM – evolucija arhitektura ARM se sve do v7 arhitekture razvijao kao high-end 32-bitna arhitektura namenjena zahtevnim aplikacijama. Od v7 arhitekture napravljena je podela na tri segmenta od kojih je nama interesantan mikrokontrolerski segment M3

Cortex familije ARM Cortex-A family (v7-A): ...2.5GHz ARM Cortex-A family (v7-A): Applications processors for full OS and 3rd party applications ARM Cortex-R family (v7-R): Embedded processors for real-time signal processing, control applications ARM Cortex-M family (v7-M): Microcontroller-oriented processors for MCU and SoC applications x1-4 Cortex-A15 x1-4 Cortex-A9 Cortex-A8 x1-4 Cortex-A5 Cortex-R4 SC300™ Cortex™-M3 Cortex-M1 12k gates... Cortex-M0

Cortex familije AMBA AXI interface je napredni interfejs prema sistemskoj magistrali Neon je vrsta koprocesora nemenjenog za SIMD (single instruction multiple data) instrukcije. VFP je koprocesor za Floating point instrukcije Dual Issue je tehnika koja omogućava paralelno izvršavanje dve instrukcije. • A Profile (ARMv7-A): Application processors which are designed to handle complex applications such as high-end embedded operating systems (OSs) (e.g., Symbian, Linux, and Windows Embedded). These processors requiring the highest processing power, virtual memory system support with memory management units (MMUs), and, optionally, enhanced Java support and a secure program execution environment. Example products include high-end mobile phones and electronic wallets for financial transactions. • R Profile (ARMv7-R): Real-time, high-performance processors targeted primarily at the higher end of the real-time market—those applications, such as high-end breaking systems and hard drive controllers, in which high processing power and high reliability are essential and for which low latency is important. • M Profile (ARMv7-M): Processors targeting low-cost applications in which processing efficiency is important and cost, power consumption, low interrupt latency, and ease of use are critical, as well as industrial control applications, including real-time control systems.

ARM Cortex-M tehnologije Svaka od Cortex-M serije procesora je specifična, ali poseduje i sledeće zajedničke karakteristike:  RISC procesorsko jezgro  Thumb-2® instukcijski set 32-bit CPU Predvidiv rad 3-stepena protočna obrada  Kompromis između 16/32-bitnih instrukcija 3x manja veličina koda nego kod 8-bitnih platformi Bez negativnog uticaja na performanse Modovi rada sa smanjenom potrošnjom Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC) Integrisani modovi rada Više modova potrošnje Softverska kontrola Malo kašnjenje servisiranja prekida Bez potrebe za programiranjem u asembleru  Servisne rutine u C kodu  Alati i RTOS Podrška za debagovanje Široka lepeza alata Cortex Microcontroller Software Interface Standard Software reuse podrška  JTAG ili 2-pin Serial Wire Debug Podrška za višeprocesorki rad Debagovanje u realnom vremenu

Cortex-M3 osnovne karakteristike Arhitektura ARMv7-M (Harvard) Instrukcijski set Thumb® / Thumb-2 Protočna obrada 3-stepena + spekulacija skoka Dhrystone test 1.25 DMIPS/MHz MPU Optional 8 region Prekidi NMI + 1 to 240 physical interrupts Kašnjenje prekida 12 taktnih ciklusa Kašnjenje gnježdenja prekida 6 taktnih ciklusa Nivoi prioriteta prekida 8 do 256 nivoa prioriteta Prekidni kontroler Do 240 prekida Redukcija potrošnje Sleep/deep sleep modovi rada Bit-operacije Integrisane instrukcije (atomske) Posebne instrukcije HW deljenje (2-12 ciklusa) & množenje (32x32) 1 ciklus. Podrška za debagovanje Opciono JTAG & Serial-Wire Debug portovi. Performanse se odnose na implementaciju na 100MHz u TSMC 0.18 procesu