Figure 2 Global epidemiology of common Clostridium difficile ribotypes

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Figure 2 Global epidemiology of common Clostridium difficile ribotypes Figure 2 | Global epidemiology of common Clostridium difficile ribotypes. Published data from geographical regions using ribotyping to discriminate C. difficile strains are depicted from Davies et al.15 (n = 1,211), Kim et al.122 (n = 140), Huang et al.123 (n = 75), Eyre et al.40 (n = 746), Plaza-Garrido et al.124 (n = 81), Waslawski et al.44 (n = 720) and a Public Health England report (n = 5,451)34. The pie charts demonstrate the variation in the worldwide distribution of common ribotypes; there is an increased prevalence of ribotype 027 (BI/NAP1) in North America and Europe compared with other areas. This strain is seen only rarely in Asia and elsewhere, though large data sets are very limited from these regions. Ribotype 027 is not seen in Australia; however, a similar binary toxin strain (ribotype 244) has been seen here since 2010. *Ribotype 244 represented 2% of C. difficile strains in Australia. Martin, J. S. H. et al. (2016) Clostridium difficile infection: epidemiology, diagnosis and understanding transmission Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2016.25