THE BODY’S DEFENSE AGAINST DISEASE

First Line of Defense: PHYSICAL BARRIERS Skin Mucous Membranes Mucous and Cilia Chemicals Sweat - acidic Vomiting & Diarrhea Blinking Reflexes & Eyelashes Tears – protein kills bacteria Fever

Second Line of Defense: INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE Inflammation (blood vessels near site expand) Pain, redness and swelling Pus – dead and injured body cells White Blood Cells - made in bone marrow and spleen - helps fight infections The inflammatory response shows that your body is attacking pathogens

3rd Line of Defense: The IMMUNE SYSTEM Immune Response - the body makes antibodies when it is infected with a virus - these antibodies kill the virus Antigen – a substance that can trigger an immune response resulting in production of an antibody.

Third Line of Defense: Lymphatic system – Lymphocyte: specialized white blood that coordinates and performs many functions of specific immunity. (2types) Tcells & B cells Helper T cells: trigger production of B cell and killer T cells Killer T cells: attack and destroy infected body cells. Suppressor T cells: suppress helper T cells when infection has been cleared. B cells: product antibodies Antibody – Protein substance that destroy specific bacteria, viruses or other disease agents that infect the body. Lymph Nodes - located in high concentrations in neck, armpits and groin areas - helps destroy infection

Third Line of Defense: Active Immunity Passive Immunity Vaccination - the body creates antibodies in a response to dead or weakens viruses injected or taken orally Passive Immunity Through pregnancy or nursing

PREVENTION WASH YOUR HANDS FREQUENTLY Protect yourself – stay healthy Eat a healthy, balanced diet Stay hydrated Reduce your stress levels - relax Exercise regularly – 60 minutes aerobic, daily Get regular medical checkups Try to avoid close contact with sick people Get enough sleep Don’t share personal items Cover your mouth Be on guard outdoors GET VACCINATED