Process Equipment Design Chemical Reactors

Reactor Classification – by Phase Homogeneous – Simplest configuration Single phase Gas usually mixed through turbulent flow Liquids usually stirred Heterogeneous – Increased complexity Two or More Phases Gas/Liquid, Liquid/Liquid, Gas/Solid, Liquid/Solid Gas/Solid/Liquid Mass and Heat Transfer resistance can be significant

Reactor Classification – by Flow Operational Mode Batch Reactor Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) Tubular Flow Reactor (PFR) Semi-batch Reactor -1 phase batch & 1 continuous Fluidized Bed

Reactor Classification – by Thermal Operational Mode Isothermal Non-adiabatic (Q≠0) Heat must be removed (∆H < 0) Heat must be added (∆H >0) Non-isiothermal Adiabatic (Q=0) Non-adiabatic (partial heat removed or added)

Examples of Chemical Reactors

Examples of Chemical Reactors

Ideal Reactor Modeling Mass (Mole) Balance Design Equations

Reaction Rate Laws and Kinetics

Reaction Rate Laws and Kinetics Arrhenius Equation: k is constant for an isothermal system

Ideal Reactor Design Equations (isothermal system)

Ideal Reactor Modeling Mass Balance / Design Equations

Ideal Reactor Modeling Mass Balance / Design Equations

Ideal Reactor Modeling Mass Balance / Design Equations

Ideal Reactor Modeling Mass Balance / Design Equations

Ideal Reactor Modeling Mass Balance / Design Equations

Ideal Reactor Modeling Mass Balance / Design Equations Example gas phase reaction algorithm involving the solution of 5 ODE’s

Reactor Heuristics

Reactor Heuristics

Reactor Type / Examples of Use

Reactor Type / Examples of Use

Aspen Input RStoic (Conversion)

Aspen Input RCSTR (CSTR)

Aspen Input RPlug (PFR)

Aspen Input for Reactions

Aspen Input REquil RGibbs has similar specifications input but no reaction specification is required