The Growth of Industrialism The “Gilded Age”

Extra Credit Opportunity- 10 points Answer all “Warm Up” and Essential Questions associated with this lecture. Write questions and answers on a separate piece of paper.

Essential Questions How did America transform from an agricultural / cottage industry based economy into an Industrial Power? In what specific ways did improvements in industry lead to improvments in other industries? Were people like Carnegie, Vanderbilt and Rockefeller Good or bad for America?

I.

I. The Brooklyn Bridge, New York 1883 Longest suspension bridge in the world

Warm ups 4. What do you think the “Gilded Age” means? 5. How is the construction of this bridge symbolic of Americas transformation into an industrial nation?

Characteristics of Urbanization During the Gilded Age Megalopolis. Mass Transit. Magnet for economic and social opportunities. Pronounced class distinctions. - Inner & outer core New frontier of opportunity for women. Squalid living conditions for many. Political machines. Ethnic neighborhoods.

The City as a New “Frontier?” New Use of Space New Class Diversity New Architectural Style New Energy New Symbols of Change & Progress The City as a New “Frontier?” New Culture (“Melting Pot”) Make a New Start New Form of Classic “Rugged Individualism” New Levels of Crime, Violence, & Corruption

II.

Warm ups 6. How did this process help fuel industrial growth?

II. Steel Workers in Pennsylvania Bessemer Process Accelerated steel process Technology spurred other industries

III.

III. New York Skyscraper 20 stories Result of steel innovation Sign of the steel age Visual reminder of changing times Flatiron Builing 1902

Warm up 7. Why were buildings like these necessary in an increasingly urbanized age?

Prompt___ Industrialism Poems 20 points A side- #1 (of 5) Cinquain : Title 2 Adjectives Three Verbs Simile (like a…or as a...) Synonym for first line Title: American Industrialism

IV.

IV. Andrew Carnegie By 1900- 400 millionaires Carnegie-$$$- steel

Warm up 8. Do wealthy business men the United States?

V.

V. Pennsylvania Oil Oil found in PA-1859 Gas replaces steam engines Oil becomes big business

Warm up 9. Why did oil fields like this become more important in an age of industrialization?

VI.

VI. John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Company “Oil Trust” 1879- controlled 90% of U.S. oil Monopoly on Oil

10. What are the benefits and drawbacks to allowing a few businessmen to become fabulously wealthy selling a common good such as oil?

VII.

VII. Railroad (Chicago,1860) Transportation was key for Industry Need to move freight 1860- 30,000 miles of track (mostly in East)

VIII.

Warm up 11. What other transportation systems are vital to an industrial nation?

VIII. Cornelius Vanderbilt Railroad tycoon Railroad trust Bought up small railroads-monopoly Consolidation made shipping cheap + fast 1883- Time Zones

Industrialism Poems Cont… Poem 2,3,4 of 5 Write an I am Poem for the following people: Andrew Carnegie John D. Reckefellar Cornelius Vanderbilt

IX.

IX. Trusts (influence on Gov’t) Standard Oil Trust 1881 Bribed Gov’t officials Legislation to control Trusts Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) 1887 Sherman Anti-trust Act 1890

Industrialism Slides cont Poem 5 of 5 Cinquain Title: Trusts

X

X. Company Towns Employer owed villages Workers paid in “scrip” + and - This one- Homestead P.A. –Carnegie

XI.

XI. Working Conditions Steel Hard labor Long hours- 12/6 Low pay Dangerous working conditions Steel Workers- Homestead, PA.

XI.

XI. Working Conditions Coal Unsafe- Death, disease, disfigurement Child labor 1900 2 million Coal mine in PA

XII.

XII. Unions Formed by workers to fight ills of industry Collective Bargaining Knights of Labor-1869 American Federation of Labor (AFL)-1881 Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)-1905

XIII.

XIII. Union Opposition Strikes Often violent Labor Vs. management Gov’t Support business 1886-Chicago 1892-Carnegie Steel 1894-Pullman Railway Car Company.

Warm Ups In ways did working conditions, worker rights and low pay lead to the formation of Labor Unions? Why would industrialists be against Labor Unions?