Progress in CALICE tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL R&D Felix Sefkow DESY ALCPG Workshop at SLAC January 7, 2004

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report Imaging Calorimetry Precision physics: best possible detector Particle flow: best jet energies ↔ minimum calorimetry Imaging calorimeter: new ideas & technologies challenging granularities sensitivity to (de)tails: need test beam data Prepare to make the best choice ZHH g qqbbbb ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report This talk LCcal: hybrid ECAL combine the virtues of scintillator and silicon for energy and position measurements CALICE: the analogue HCAL branch explore to how to best use amplitude and position information of scintillator tiles for particle flow ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report Outline LCcal test beam results CALICE reconstruction software studies test beam studies with the minical preparation of the physics prototype ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report CALICE collaboration 164 Physicists, 26 Institutes, 9 Countries: 3 Regions Si W ECAL: see France, UK, Czech, Russia, Korea H.Videau’s talk Analogue tile scintillator HCAL: Germany, Czech, Russia Digital HCAL options: see Scintillator: US G.Blazey’s & V.Zutshi’s talks RPCs: US, Russia , Korea L.Xia’s talk GEMs: US A.White’s talk “EFLOW”, software: “all” ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Cluster reconstruction in hadronic showers use energy deposition pattern to classify, longitudinal sampling crucial - at all depths V.Morgunov ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Optimize prototype geometry vary depth and width of fine segmented area 3, 6, and 12 cm for flexibility V.Morgunov, A.Raspereza ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Two showers: cluster separation ↔ vary transverse gran. cluster overlap for 3x3 cm tiles very close to 1x1 cm case prototype with ~8000 channel will work like one with 3x3 cm everywhere (35k ch. equiv.) V.Morgunov, A.Raspereza ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report Tail catcher de-tails matter – 10 or 15 % to be recovered @ 20GeV A.Raspereza ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report TailC Segmentation study resolution: affects mostly constant term stochastic term 30 +- 1 % other considerations: particle ID & PFLOW → freedom for optimization A.Raspereza ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

More software work started from cluster to full shower reconstruction and two-particle separation test beam run strategy Move to Mokka framework and LCIO real data entities added and LCIO converter for minical data ready ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report MiniCAL Main goals: Gain experinece with larger # of channels Develop hardware understanding in simulations 27 layers SiPMs and APDs, MA-PMs for reference Cosmics and DESY electrons (1…6GeV) 2 cm steel 0.5 cm active ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report Detector Cassettes SiPMs mounted directly on tile, single tile readout Tile size: 5x5x0.5 cm3 e+ 1-loop fiber placed in groove (not glued) Single tiles covered by 3M reflector 1 cell = 3 tiles combined in depth for PM and APD ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report Calibration (PMs) with cosmics and e beam “MIP” PM 1 PM 2 PM 3 reproducibility at 6-8% level – after LED monitoring correction (per PM) single channel monitoring prepared exercise; LED monitoring mandatory for APD runs E.Garutti ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

The Silicon Photomultiplier A pixilated solid state Geiger counter 1000 pixels on 1mm2 Gain few x 10**6, efficiency 10..15% At 50..60 V bias voltage R 50 h pixel Ubias Al Depletion Region 2 m substrate Resistor Rn=400 k 20m 42m 0 pe 1 pe 2 pe 3 pe 4 pe B.Dolgoshein ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report Si PM noise low noise confirmed with 108 channel minical: 4*10-3 hits /event above ½ MIP corresponds to 24 Hz per channel or < 1 hit / event in physics prototype (70 ns gate) (150 ns gate) B.Dolgoshein E.Garutti ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report Si PM calibration spread for 108 SiPM + tiles (Ru106 source) B.Dolgoshein ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report Energy resolution Fit function: Fit values for PM / MC a = 0.1  0.2 / 0.4  0.1 b = 21.0  0.4 / 17. 1  0.1 Si PMs and PMs similar, MC to be refined E.Garutti ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report SiPM non-linearity, MC implement max # pixels ph.e statistics in MC: Beam position A.Raspereza red and black points should agree B.Dolgoshein ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Measured SiPM saturation longer pulses (WLF) effective max # of pixels > 1024 B.Dolgoshein ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report Data vs MC status linearity resolution E/E 1/E, GeV B.Dolgoshein E.Garutti shower shapes and low E part to be worked on ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report Electronics tests not having to resolve single ph.e peaks for calibration significantly loosens demands on FEE study possible use of (modestly modified) ECAL chip 18 channel ASIC with MUX output to ADC first prel. tests: broadening due to SiPM noise corr. to 0.6 ph.e Si PM on Dubna test board with LAL HCAL chip I.Tyapkin ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report APDs lower gain, higher efficiency critical: stability/monitoring low noise preamps stable (10-4) HV p/s at hand, tested LED monitoring being prepared 4 different preamps available and tested APD S8550 signal dependence on Ubias, T at high gain: 15%/V, 11%/K J.Cvach ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report Gain spread Characteristics of 40 APD tested @ CERN (CMS test room): quantum efficiency = 77.5% (500nm)  stable at 1% level capacitance ~30pF at 400V gain vs voltage:  ~50% gain variation at V = 415V  reduced with APD pre-selection  no single APD voltage adjustment on board required E.Garutti ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report APD Homogeneity test U=405V, M= 200, T=290C U=410V, M=130 , T=29.50C 12 APD tested homogeneity 6% 1 APD used to read out 3-4 tiles G.Eigen ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report APDs in the minical beam cell 1 cell 2 cell 3 absorber plate window tile 5x5 cm2 5.5 cm Beam Facing minical from beam side LAL preamp Beam positioned in the tile centre with accuracy better than ± 1 cm Ebeam = 1 – 6 GeV in 1 GeV steps, T = 25°C, Ubias = 415 V J.Cvach ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Energy resolution with APDs Good linearity, small systematic deviation in the slope Fit values PM APD MC P1 0.1 ± 0.2 0.5 0.4 ± 0.2 P2(%) 21.0 ± 0.4 24.4 17.1± 0.1 reasons for worse resolution: noise of APD lower tile light yield (estimate: 17 ph.e./tile) tile alignment ( alignment with beam) calibration J.Cvach ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Pre-amp Boards (source test) Charge sensitive Minsk preamp Voltage sensitive Prague preamp ped Sr MIP Sr MIP ped LED LED - gate adjustment : 90% signal contained 300 ns 120 ns noise comparison: s(ped)/(MIP-ped) 5.0/85 = 0.06 12.4/82 = 0.15 MIP resolution: s(MIP)/(MIP-ped) 36.4/85 = 0.42 42.3/82 = 0.52 G.Eigen, E.Garutti ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report Mechanical structure K.Gadow ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report Layer structure adjustable gaps 2*2mm module box part of absorber 2*1mm flatness tolerrance K.Gadow ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report Moving parts K.Gadow ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report RPC prototyping at IHEP, Protvino: Design of 1 m2 RPC plane Top view Bottom view no SS cups 1000x1030 mm2 - lateral dimensions 970 x 970 mm2 – glass area 960 x 960 mm2 – sensitive area Weight ~ 40 kg 96x96 = 9216 pads in total 8 anode RPC PCBs of 240x530 mm2 24x48 = 1152 pads on each test uniformity other activities: optimization RPC minical test beam electronics prepare RPC test in B=5T magnet at DESY V.Ammosov ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report RPC optimization Comparison avalanche vs. streamer mode pad multiplicity and energy resolution Geant 3 m= 2 1.4 1 V.Ammosov ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

CALICE tile HCAL summary Transition from table-top R&D to proto-typing Ongoing minical e testbeam program successful operation of 108 SiPMs progress in detector understanding and simulation ingredients for coming APD tests at hand Physics prototype is taking shape granularity defined, explore analogue and semi-digital option electronics being specified following minical experience versatile stack mechanics designed (for tiles, RPCs & more) A hadron calorimeter test beam experimental program with a rich potential ahead ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report LCcal collaboration INFN R&D project, DESY R&D project PRC R&D 00/02 Contributors (Como, LNF, Padova, Trieste): M. Alemi, M.Bettini, S. Bertolucci, E. Borsato, M. Caccia, P.Checchia, C. Fanin, J. Marczewski, S. Miscetti, B. Nadalout, M. Nicoletto, M. Prest, R. Peghin, L. Ramina, E. Vallazza. thanks to S.Miscetti and A.Bulgheroni for their slides ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report Calorimeter Layout Total of 45 layers 27 X0 The general details of the calorimeters have been already described in the plenary session of yesterday afternoon by Stefano Miscetti and so let me recall you only few details about the geometrical topics. The calorimeter is made by 45 layers corresponding to about 27 times the radiation length. The sandwich is made by an absorber followed by a scintillator layer coupled with the outside world by wavelength shifting optical fibers. There are also three silicon detectors layers at 2, 6 an 12 radiation length respectively that are the main subject of my talk. Absorber Silicon pad detectors 25 x 25 x 0.3 cm3 Scintillator 3 layers 725 Pads ~ 1 x 1 cm2 2, 6 and 12 X0 25 Cells 5 x 5 cm2 A.Bulgheroni ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report Silicon sensors 3rd batch: ~ 18 2nd batch: ~ 15 1st batch: ~ 10 problems with impurities and leakage solved theoretical expectation SNR ~ 22 mostly FEE A.Bulgheroni ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report Beam tests at Frascati and CERN S.Miscetti ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report More test beam results position resolution beam multiplicity? e / π separation longit. and lateral shower shape S.Miscetti ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Shower reconstruction: Two track separation PH @ 2X0 In the next few slides I would like to show you the capability of our setup to record 3D images of the shower development within the calorimeter. In this first example the forward strips tracker triggered two particles impinging on the detectors and the two showers produced can be easily separated. Both in the lego as well in the box plot the 3d image on the 1st and on the 2nd layer is presented. The distance between the two hits is roughly a couple of centimetres. @ 6X0 Tracked particle Pad Pad Ghost tracks 30 GeV e- A.Bulgheroni ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

Granularity considerations x [cm] x [cm] This effect becomes even much more evident looking the behaviour of the residual versus one of the two coordinates (say x). In the first layer, represented on the left, a periodic structure is shown with a period corresponding to the pad size, while this effect completely disappears on the second and on the last layer. 1st layer 2nd layer x [cm] x [cm] Pad size ~ Shower size 0.9 ~ 0.7 can improve resolution with smaller pads Pad size < Shower size 0.9 < 1.6 A.Bulgheroni ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report

LCcal summary and plans Test beam program successfully completed Energy and position resolution as expected Finalizing analysis: shower reconstruction,… Next: include in general LC simulation and reconstruction framework combined test with HCAL engineering study for full detector ALCPG w/s @ SLAC, Jan 7, 2004 Felix Sefkow CALICE Tile HCAL and LCcal ECAL Report