EDO UNIVERSITY IYAMHO FACULTY OF SCIENCE SEMINAR SERIES CURRENT TREND OF LASSA FEVER: A CASE STUDY EZEANYA .C. CHINYERE B.Sc (BIU), M.Sc (AWKA), Ph.D (IN VIEW) DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY ezeanya.chinyere@edouniversity.edu.ng MARCH, 2018

INTRODUCTION Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever The virus, member of virus family Arenaviridae The Mastomys natalensis called Multimammate rat is the host of the virus Source: WHO, 2017

BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM Borno State in 1969 Seasonal December-June Annual Infected cases 100,000-300,000 Death cases 5000 Source: NCDC, 2018

STAGES OF THE DISEASE Acute Chronic Latent Fever Weakness Headache Facial Swelling Low blood pressure Fluid in the lungs Bleeding Tremor Seizure Shock Coma Disorientation Source: WHO, 2018

CURRENT TREND January – March 2018 December 2016 -2017 1081 Cases 90 Deaths 2012-2015 623 Cases 70 Deaths December 2016 -2017 501 Cases 104 Deaths

DISTRIBUTION WITHIN NIGERIA Towns in Edo State Date(s) of Outbreak Ekpoma 1989,1990,2001-17 Igarra 2005 Benin city 2009;2010-18 Auchi 2018 Source: Olayiwola and Bakarey, 2017; WHO, 2018

MIGRATION OF THE DISEASE Nigeria 1969 Sierra Leone 1971 Liberia February 2009 Ghana October 2011 Benin November 2014

MODE OF TRANSMISSION LASSA FEVER Rodents Humans

LIFESTYLE OF IYAMHO RESIDENTS

CASE STUDY 1 A 19 year old male trader resident in Benin city Reported to UBTH with fever, chills and joint pain of 3 days duration. Before the onset, he travelled to Adamawa for business and had a meal that included rat meat. The patient was admitted the same day but diagnosed to have malaria and was treated for such. Following day, he developed muscle cramp, bleeding from the nose, ears, mouth and anus. A diagnosis of viral haemorrhagic fever was suspected and the patient was placed on one litre of IV normal saline infusion and Haemacel 500mls. Referral was made to LRI, Irrua but the patient died the same day.

He was immediately placed on a 12- week treatment with Ribavirin CASE STUDY 2 A 33 year old Medical Doctor of in a government hospital resident in Benin city Reported with cough producing yellowish sputum, chest pain and fever with history of last posting at intensive care unit He was immediately referred to LRI, Irrua with blood sample positive for lassa fever virus by RT-PCR test. He was immediately placed on a 12- week treatment with Ribavirin On follow-up visit, blood samples were negative for lassa fever virus by RT-PCR test.

Infection control practices PREVENTION Personal hygiene Clean environment Infection control practices Highway Drying

FUTURE TREND 1969 1% 2012-2018 53.9% Future Epidemic Source: NCDC, 2017

CONCLUSION VACCINE RODENT CONTROL

RECOMMENDATION Investment in available detection kit by government The institution; EUI to engage in infection surveillance within Edo North region Investment in researches to develop vaccines and new treatment options Investment in available detection kit by government

REFERENCES 5 References cited 2016-2018

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