PMP Patient Management Problem

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Presentation transcript:

PMP Patient Management Problem A.Arhami Dolatabadi Associated Professor of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences A.Arhami dolatabadi

مهارتهاي ارتباطي و بين فردي گرفتن شرح حال و معاينه فيزيكي در آزمون هاي عملي آزمون دانشنامه تخصصي مهارتهاي زير مورد ارزيابي قرار مي گيرد مهارتهاي ارتباطي و بين فردي گرفتن شرح حال و معاينه فيزيكي مهارتهاي فني وپروسيجرال سنجش عملكرد در موقعيتهاي اورژانسي مهارت استدلال باليني و حل مسئله A.Arhami dolatabadi

در واقع روشPMP يك موقعيت باليني واقعي را كه در آن پزشك با فرد بيمار يا مجروح مواجه مي شود را تقليد مي نمايد. A.Arhami dolatabadi

در PMPدستيار با يك بيمار كه داراي اطلاعات محدودي از او در دسترس باشد مواجه شده و بايد اطلاعات را مطالعه نمايد و سپس تصميم بگيرد كه چه اقداماتي براي بيمار انجام دهد. A.Arhami dolatabadi

نهايتاً دستيار بايد در رابطه با درمان و مدیریت بيمار تصميماتي را اتخاذ نمايد A.Arhami dolatabadi

PMP اهداف اختصاصي جمع آوري اطلالاعات فرضيه سازي براساس مشكل بيمار ارزيابي مهارتها و توانايي دانشجويان درحل مشكل A.Arhami dolatabadi

PMP انواع خطي Linear PMP شاخه ايBranching PMP A.Arhami dolatabadi

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عوامل موفقيت در آزمون A.Arhami dolatabadi

داده هايي كه در اختيار شما قرار مي گيرد دو گونه است اطلاعات باليني:علائم و نشانه هاي بيمار اطلاعات زمينه اي:سن ،جنس ،شغل وضعيت اقتصادي اجتماعي، عادات ،نوع تغذيه، سابقه فاميلي سابقه دارويي اگر در شرحنامه به يكي از اين اطلالاعات بيشتر توجه شده در گزينه ها روي اطلاعات ديگر متمركز شويد A.Arhami dolatabadi

نمرات معمولا در تكميل شرح حال مثبت است از معاينه فيزيكي به بعد درصد بارم منفي بيشتر ميشود A.Arhami dolatabadi

از Scroll bar براي مشاهده پاسخها استفاده كنيد. همه سؤالات و تمام انتخابها (Options)را قبل از (Click) به دقت نگاه كنيد. از Scroll bar براي مشاهده پاسخها استفاده كنيد. وقت خود را بيش از اندازه روي يك سؤال صرف نكنيد. در انتخاب پاسخها درك و قضاوت خود را با تخصص خود درآميزيد. به ياد داشته باشيد پاسخها براساس منابع (رفرنس ها) هستند نه براساس آنچه اساتيد شما در عمل اجرا كرده اند A.Arhami dolatabadi

5- وقتي اطلاعات مربوط به هر سؤال را مي خوانيد مواردي كه شناسايي مي كنيد روي يك كاغذ چكنويس كنار دست خود بنويسيد (مثل چاقي، نتايج بيوشيمي غيرطبيعي و ...) اين به شما كمك مي كند كه ديگر نياز به برگشت به عقب و چك مجدد نداشته باشيد. در مواردي كه در توالي سؤالات مطرح شده از يكCase تغييري ايجاد شده اين تغييرات را در چكنويس بنويسيد. 6- با استفاده از قوه قضاوت و درك كلي از موضوع، اطلاعاتي كه براي شناسايي چه » مشكل نياز است انتخاب كنيد و همواره اين سؤال را از خود بپرسيد « اطلاعاتي براي پاسخگويي به سؤال نياز داريد 7- اگر حجم زيادي از اطلاعات هم خانواده و متنوع ارائه شده – در صورتي كه با سؤال مرتبط نيستند - از انتخاب آنها خودداري كنيد. A.Arhami dolatabadi

11- در شرايطي ميتوانيد از آخر به اول بياييد 8- شما فقط يك بار حق انتخاب داريد( کلیک) و امكان برگشت و اصلاح پاسخ وجود ندارد ولي قادر هستيد كه پاسخهايي كه انتخاب كرده ايد را مشاهده كنيد. 9- براي پاسخگويي به هر سؤال زمان مشخصي در نظر گرفته شده، همواره در طول آزمون به آن توجه كنيد. 10- بعد از امتحان يك آناليز دقيق از عملكرد خودتان روي تك تك سؤالات آزمون داشته باشيد. 11- در شرايطي ميتوانيد از آخر به اول بياييد 12- شب قبل از آزمون استراحت كافي داشته باشيد.. A.Arhami dolatabadi

روش نمره دهي در نوع خطی روش سوم: بطور معمول در نوع خطی معیار هفت گانه ای برای نمره دادن وجود دارد . 5- اعمال تهدید کننده حیات بیمار 3- اعمالی مضر ، موجب اتلاف وقت و بدون ثمربخشی 1- اعمال غیرمضر و موجب اتلاف وقت و بدون ثمر بخشی اعمالی که انتخاب آنها نه مفید است و نه مضر 1+ مطالعات روتین کمک کننده 3+ اعمال مهم برای رسیدن به تشخیص 5+ اعمال ضروری برای تشخیص A.Arhami dolatabadi

روش نمره دهي در نوع خطی حد نصاب قبولی تعیین گزینه های دارای نمره مثبت تعیین گزینه های مثبت ضروری و اجتناب ناپذیر و حیاتی تعیین کلیه گزینه های منفی تعیین گزینه های غیر قابل چشم پوشی جمع جبری گزینه های مثبت ضروی و حیاتی و گزینه های منفی قابل چشم پوشی MPL= indispensable positive+ forgivable negative A.Arhami dolatabadi

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PMP sample A 75-year-old lady who fractured her neck of femur and had it pinned. She was grossly disturbed last night on the orthopaedic ward, keeping all the other patients awake. This morning she is shouting and refusing to take medication. A.Arhami dolatabadi

PMP sample Q. What are the diagnostic possibilities? A. Delirium, dementia, mania, schizophrenia. A.Arhami dolatabadi

PMP sample Q. How would you establish the diagnosis of delirium? A. From a full history (which includes information from the nursing staff), mental state and examination. You need to establish whether she was mentally well before the operation. She may have a fluctuating level of consciousness and cognitive impairment.. A.Arhami dolatabadi

PMP sample Q. What are the most likely causes of her delirium? A There may be an underlying cognitive impairment. Causes of delirium include anaesthesia, blood loss, pulmonary embolus, wound infection, chest infection, urinary tract infection, electrolyte disturbance, medication side-effects, post-operative analgesia, alcohol withdrawal, stroke, cardiac event and fat embolus. A.Arhami dolatabadi

PMP sample Q. What are the most important principles of management for a delirium? A. 1. Treat the underlying cause or causes. 2. Maintain adequate hydration and nutrition. 3. Rest, reassurance and reorientation. 4. Nurse in the same room, with the same staff (if possible), and have relatives or friends present. 5. Neuroleptics such as haloperidol or thioridazine may be prescribed acutely, in small doses to reduce agitation. Alternatives include benzodiazepines and chlormethiazole. A.Arhami dolatabadi

Thank You ! Any Question ? A.Arhami dolatabadi