Cell Cycle and Cell Division Mitosis

Active versus Passive Transport Glucose Cannot move easily because it is large. But can pass through with Passive Transport with the facilitated diffusion Water Can move easily because it is small. Uses Osmosis, which is Passive Transport Oxygen Can move easily because it is small and moves through diffusion (Passive Transport) Sodium Use Active Transport, requiring Energy to move against the concentration gradient as well as with it

Why must cells divide in order to grow? Why is this so important? to reach maximum efficiency for molecular transport, and maintain the functions of the cell. limits to how large a cell can become, so when those limits are reached the cells divide. replace old cells that are worn down or damaged differentiation in multicellular organisms to become different in appearance and function Cells are composed of atoms, and carbon atoms are essential in cells. Carbon is essentail to life

Mitosis Is the precise distribution of DNA to daughter cells IPMAT

Differentiation Differentiation: new cells specialize and become different in appearance and function from their parent cells. become specialized according to a genetically determined plan Occurs as a result of a combination of signals that cause different cells to activate different portions of their genetic information Differences in how cells look & behave reflect differences in how they use the genetic information they have

Mitosis: Interphase Interphase: Long and active cycle DNA and chromosomes are duplicated in the nucleus Mitochondria are made in the cytoplasm Cell grows

Mitosis: Prophase Prophase: Chromosomes coil & shorten. Each Chromosome appears as a double structure joined at the centromere Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell (except in plants, there are no centrioles, but these events still occur as described here)

Mitosis: Metaphase Metaphase: Doubled chromosomes line up Cytoplasmic fibers are now attached to each doubled chromosome at the centromere

Mitosis: Anaphase Anaphase: Doubled chromosomes separate New chromosomes are pushed and pulled to the opposite ends of the cell by the cytoplasmic fibers

Mitosis: Telophase Telophase: Chromosomes approach the ends and group together New nuclear membrane Cytoplasm divides New cell membrane forms (cell wall laid between new cells in plants) The new cells enter interphase

How is the DNA of a parent cell and daughter cell related in mitosis? There is absolutely no difference in DNA between the parent cell and daughter cell in mitosis. During mitosis, the DNA is copied exactly and transferred, so the DNA is exactly the same in both cells.

Reflect and Connect pg 303 #1-3 1. Draw a series of sketches to illustrate important stages of the cell cycle and mitosis. Your drawing should include: Include a starting cell with genetic material represented by two pairs of chromosomes Include a nucleus with the appropriate chromosomes in each of the cells Indicate with a flowchart or sketches the genetic material is duplicated (DNA synthesis) Show the cells formed as a result Cell wall Chromosome pairs Nucleus

Reflect and Connect pg 303 #1-3 DNA Replication Parent Cell daughter Cell