Key Issue #2: Why does development vary by gender? Chapter 9: Development Key Issue #2: Why does development vary by gender?

Gender Inequality Index (GII) Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 The UN has not found a single country in the world where women are treated as well as men. Some countries have achieved near-equality The higher the GII, the greater the inequality A score of 0 means that women and men fare equally A score of 1.0 means that women fare as poor as possible in all measures

Gender Inequality Index (GII) Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 The UN has not found a single country in the world where women are treated as well as men. Some countries have achieved near-equality The higher the GII, the greater the inequality A score of 0 means that women and men fare equally A score of 1.0 means that women fare as poor as possible in all measures

Gender Inequality Index (GII) Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 The UN has not found a single country in the world where women are treated as well as men. Some countries have achieved near-equality The higher the GII, the greater the inequality A score of 0 means that women and men fare equally A score of 1.0 means that women fare as poor as possible in all measures

Gender Inequality Index (GII) Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 The UN has not found a single country in the world where women are treated as well as men. Some countries have achieved near-equality The higher the GII, the greater the inequality A score of 0 means that women and men fare equally A score of 1.0 means that women fare as poor as possible in all measures

Gender Inequality Index (GII) Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia Central Asia Southwest Asia 10 European countries have a GII of less than 0.1 Countries with a high HDI have a low GII Highest (worst), mostly due to Reproductive Health

Gender Inequality Index (GII) Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia Central Asia Southwest Asia 10 European countries have a GII of less than 0.1 Countries with a high HDI have a low GII Highest (worst), mostly due to Reproductive Health

Gender Inequality Index (GII) Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia Central Asia Southwest Asia 10 European countries have a GII of less than 0.1 Countries with a high HDI have a low GII Highest (worst), mostly due to Reproductive Health

Gender Inequality Index (GII) Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 GII Factors j Empowerment Labor Force Reproductive Health

Gender Inequality Index (GII) Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 GII Factors j Empowerment Labor Force Reproductive Health

Gender Inequality Index (GII) Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 GII Factors j Empowerment Labor Force Reproductive Health

Empowerment

Percentage of seats held by women in the national legislature Empowerment Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Percentage of seats held by women in the national legislature

Percentage of seats held by women in the national legislature Empowerment Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Percentage of seats held by women in the national legislature Europe has the highest at 25%

Percentage of seats held by women in the national legislature Empowerment Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Percentage of seats held by women in the national legislature Europe has the highest at 25% 1/6 (16%) in the U.S. in 2012 – Lower than many developing regions

Percentage of seats held by women in the national legislature Empowerment Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Percentage of seats held by women in the national legislature Europe has the highest at 25% 1/6 (16%) in the U.S. in 2012 – Lower than many developing regions Increased up to 19.5% in 2017 (highest ever in the U.S.)

Percentage of women who have completed high school Empowerment Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Percentage of women who have completed high school

Percentage of women who have completed high school Empowerment Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Percentage of women who have completed high school In North America, more girls graduate from high school than boys

Percentage of women who have completed high school Empowerment Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Percentage of women who have completed high school In North America, more girls graduate from high school than boys Boys are slightly ahead in Europe

Percentage of women who have completed high school Empowerment Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Percentage of women who have completed high school In North America, more girls graduate from high school than boys Boys are slightly ahead in Europe LDC’s – Boys much more likely to graduate.

Labor Force

Female Participation Rate Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Percentage of women holding full time jobs outside of the home.

Female Participation Rate Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Percentage of women holding full time jobs outside of the home. 75/100 in MDC’s

Female Participation Rate Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Percentage of women holding full time jobs outside of the home. 75/100 in MDC’s 65/100 in LDC’s

Female Participation Rate Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Percentage of women holding full time jobs outside of the home. 75/100 in MDC’s 65/100 in LDC’s SW Asia & North Africa – 35/100

Female Participation Rate Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Percentage of women holding full time jobs outside of the home. 75/100 in MDC’s 65/100 in LDC’s SW Asia & North Africa – 35/100 Ironically, Sub-Saharan Africa – 77/100 (mostly agriculture – even with the world’s highest fertility rates)

Reproductive Health

Maternal Mortality Ratio Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 The number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births

Maternal Mortality Ratio Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 The number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births 15/100,000 in MDC’s

Maternal Mortality Ratio Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 The number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births 15/100,000 in MDC’s 140/100,000 in LDC’s

Maternal Mortality Ratio Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 The number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births 15/100,000 in MDC’s 140/100,000 in LDC’s 150/100,000 in Sub-Saharan Africa

Maternal Mortality Ratio Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 The number of women who die giving birth per 100,000 births 15/100,000 in MDC’s 140/100,000 in LDC’s 150/100,000 in Sub-Saharan Africa UN estimates that 150,000 women and 1.6 million children die between the onset of labor and the 48 hours after birth

Adolescent Fertility Rate Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Number of births per 1,000 women ages 15-19

Adolescent Fertility Rate Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Number of births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 20/1,000 in MDC’s (lowest is Europe: 8/1,000)

Adolescent Fertility Rate Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Number of births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 20/1,000 in MDC’s (lowest is Europe: 8/1,000) 60/1,000 in LDC’s (Sub-Saharan Africa: Greater than 100)

Adolescent Fertility Rate Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Number of births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 20/1,000 in MDC’s (lowest is Europe: 8/1,000) 60/1,000 in LDC’s (Sub-Saharan Africa: Greater than 100) My graduating class: 16/60

Adolescent Fertility Rate Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Number of births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 20/1,000 in MDC’s (lowest is Europe: 8/1,000) 60/1,000 in LDC’s (Sub-Saharan Africa: Greater than 100) My graduating class: 16/60 = 267/1,000

Gender Inequality Trends Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Declined in almost every country since 1990’s

Gender Inequality Trends Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Declined in almost every country since 1990’s U.S. ranks 8th in HDI but GII ranks 47th

Gender Inequality Trends Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Declined in almost every country since 1990’s U.S. ranks 8th in HDI but GII ranks 47th Maternal Mortality Rate is lower than Europe and Canada (24/100,000)

Gender Inequality Trends Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Declined in almost every country since 1990’s U.S. ranks 8th in HDI but GII ranks 47th Maternal Mortality Rate is lower than Europe and Canada (24/100,000) Low percentage of women in legislature (19% of the seats)

Gender Inequality Trends Chapter 9 Key Issue #2 Declined in almost every country since 1990’s U.S. ranks 8th in HDI but GII ranks 47th Maternal Mortality Rate is lower than Europe and Canada (24/100,000) Low percentage of women in legislature (19% of the seats) Canada has 27%

End of Key Issue #2