From DNA to RNA to Proteins PROTEIN SYNTHESIS From DNA to RNA to Proteins

Genes Section of DNA that controls making of proteins

Protein Synthesis Overview 2 Main Processes Transcription-DNA copied to RNA (nucleus) Translation-RNA made into proteins (ribosomes)

DNA mRNA Amino acid Protein Transcription! Ribosome tRNA Translation!!!!

Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA)-carries protein making instructions from DNA Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)- Part of the ribosome-makes proteins Transfer RNA (tRNA)- transfers amino acids to ribosome to make protein.

DNA vs. RNA DNA Sugar (Deoxyribose) Phosphate group Nitogenous Bases A C Double Stranded RNA Sugar (Ribose) Phosphate group Nitrogenous Bases A U (Not “T”) G C Single Stranded

Transcription 1. DNA is unzipped (by RNA polymerase-enzyme) at a gene. “Promoter” initiates copying. 2. ONE strand of the DNA template is transcribed (copied) into mRNA using complimentary base pairing. 3. RNA polymerase reaches “termination Signal”/end of gene. Stops copying.

http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phbio/active_art/protein_synthesis/index.html

Codon __3_ consecutive __bases_ on ___mRNA___ that specify _1 particular amino acid.

Replication DNA TO DNA Transcription DNA to mRNA A U A T C C G G C G C G A T A T

Transcribe the following DNA strands into mRNA . ATTCGACG UAAGCUGC TTACCAGC AAUGGUCG TTAAAACG AAUUUUGC

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztPkv7wc3yU Transcription video

FLOW OF GENETIC INFO Genetic Trait-Blue eyes

B A NUCLEUS C

Translation Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6O6uRb1D38&feature=related https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG7uCskUOrA

Translation -- The decoding of mRNA into a protein Nuclear envelope Amino acid tRNA Polypeptide chain Cell membrane

Transcription/translation video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJxobgkPEAo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG7uCskUOrA

How is Protein Synthesis like a candy factory?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lijQ3a8yUYQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6O6uRb1D38&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJxobgkPEAo

Decode mRNA to Proteins Translation Decode mRNA to Proteins

Break the mRNA strand into codons! Steps of Translation 1. The mRNA strand is broken into codons (Codon- 3 bases that code for an amino acids.) AUGCCGAUC Codon Break the mRNA strand into codons! AUGCCCGGGAAA

Translation 2.Ribosome reads the codons and translates them into amino acids. How?? Uses the Genetic Code Match the first letter on the left Match the second letter on the top Match the third letter on the right Ex: codon AUG Amino Acid: Methionine

UGG- GAA- ACA- UAG- AGC- CAG- What amino acid goes with the following codons: UGG- GAA- ACA- UAG- AGC- CAG-

Example AUGCCCGGGAAA Met Pro Gly Lys

3. rRNA sends for the tRNA to bring the correct amino acids. 4.The tRNA anticodons match up with the mRNA codons Ex: mRNA CUG -codon t RNA GAC -anticodon brings the amino acid methionine attached to it. 5.Amino acids are attached to each other making a protein, until a STOP codon is reached

Translation continued 6. Disassembly- Ribosome complex falls apart. Polypeptide chain (protein) is released.

DNA: ACA TTG TAG CAT mRNA: AminoAcids: DNA: TTT TAC TGG CGC GTA

The bases below are DNA-Transcribe into mRNA, then translate to amino acids DNA= TAGCATTACACT mRNA=AUC-GUA-AUG-UGA Amino Acid=Ile-Val-Met-Stop

The bases below are DNA-Transcribe into mRNA, then translate to amino acids DNA= TTG-TCG-CGA-ACC-AGC-GGC-TAA mRNA=AAC-AGC-GCU-UGG-UCG-CCG-AUU Amino Acid=Asn-Ser-Ala-Trp-Ser-Pro-Ile