GREY WATER.

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Presentation transcript:

GREY WATER

Introduction: مقدمة: المياه الرمادية سميت بذلك لإنها ليست بالماء النقية (المياه البيضاء) وليست بالماء الملوثة جدا (المياه السوداء). تضاؤل كمية المياه الجوفيه والتكلفة الباهظة لمحطات الصرف الصحي، أدى إلى توليد رغبة لإعادة استخدام المياه من خلال المياه الرمادية. Grey water gets its name from its cloudy appearance and from its status as being neither fresh (white water), nor heavily polluted (black water). In recent years concerns over dwindling reserves of groundwater and overloaded or costly sewage treatment plant has generated much interest in the reuse or recycling of grey water.

Grey Water Definition: تعريف المياه الرمادية: Grey water is definitely not toilet wastewater (called black water) and rarely does it include the kitchen sink. The most common sources of grey water are: Bathtubs. Showers. Bathroom sinks. Washing machines. * إن المياه الرمادية هي المياه الخارجة من المغاسل والبانيوهات والدشات والغسالات والمصارف الأرضية. وبالرغم من أن هذه المياه لم تعد نظيفة إلا أن نسبة تلوثها تكون أقل بكثير من نسبة تلوث مياه المراحيض. * If diapers are in washing machine, better to divert to sewer

Grey Water Sources مصادر المياه الرمادية

Unacceptable sources for grey water : مصادر غير مقبولة للمياه الرمادية: Toilets. Bidets. Urinals. Kitchen sinks. دورات المياه. أحواض المطابخ.

لماذا المياه الرمادية؟ Why Grey Water? لماذا المياه الرمادية؟ Contamination. Simple. Cost. Accepted. Environmental. الملوثات. التعقيد. الكلفة. القبول. البيئة.

Recycling 55% إعادة تدوير ٥٥% All studies in different countries indicate that quantity of grey water which can be recycled equal 55% of water consumable by houses. All grey waters for restaurants, hotels and schools can be recycled. لقد قدّرت دراسات أقيمت في بلدان مختلفة أن كمية المياه الرمادية المنزلية التي يمكن إعادة استخدامها قد تشكل ٥٥% من إجمالي كميّة المياه التي يستهلكها المنزل. كذلك يمكن إعادة استخدام المياه الرمادية التي تنتج عن أبنية غير سكنيّة مثل المطاعم والفنادق والمدارس وغيرها من المباني العامة.

Application of Recycled Grey Water استعمالات المياه الرمادية بعد إعادة تدويرها Irrigation. Indoor Reuse (Flushing Toilets). ري المزروعات. غسل المراحيض.

World Countries USA: لا توجد هناك سياسة وطنية لإعادة استخدام المياه الرمادية إذ تتولى كل ولاية مسؤولية سن القوانين الخاصة بالمياه والتصريف الصحي فيها. UK: قامت وكالة البيئة بنشر دراسات عن معالجة المياه الرمادية وإعادة استخدامها في غسل المراحيض وتعرض تلك الدراسات عدداً من المحطات التشغيلية الريادية في مختلف أنحاء البلاد يتم فيها جمع المياه الرمادية ومعالجتها ﺑﻬدف استعمالها في غسل المراحيض.

World Countries Cyprus: تدعم حكومة قبرص ماليا من يرغب بتركيب نظام لإعادة استخدام المياه الرمادية ﺑﻬدف ري الحدائق المنزلية أو غسل المراحيض. ولقد تم إعادة استخدام المياه الرمادية في بعض الفنادق والمنشآت الرياضية. Japan: يعتمد في المنازل على تدفق المياه الناتجة عن غسل الأيدي من المغسلة مباشرة إلى خزان الطرد الخاص بالمرحاض. وتوجد أنظمة أكثر تعقيدًا تستخدم في بنايات المكاتب. إعادة استخدام المياه الرمادية إلزامي في البنايات التي تبلغ مساحتها أكثر من 30,000 م ٢ أو التي يستهلك فيها أكثر من 100 م ٣ من المياه يوميًا

Grey Water & the Environment المياه الرمادية والبيئة Benefits: الفائدة البيئية: Lower fresh water extraction from rivers and aquifers. Less impact from septic tank and treatment plant infrastructure. Nutrient for Topsoil التقليل من استخدام مياه الأنهار أو المياه المحلاة. التقليل من تأثير خزانات الصرف الصحي. تسميد التربة.

Grey Water & the Environment المياه الرمادية والبيئة Reduced energy use and chemical pollution from treatment. Groundwater recharge. Plant growth. الحد من استخدام الطاقة. إعادة تنشيط المياه الجوفية. ري النباتات.

مراحل تدوير المياه الرمادية: Grey Water Stages: مراحل تدوير المياه الرمادية: مصادر المياه الرمادية. جمع المياه الرمادية. معالجة المياه الرمادية. خزن المياه الرمادية. استخدام المياه الرمادية. Sources. Collection. Treatment. Storing. Usage.

معالجة المياه الرمادية Grey Water Treatment معالجة المياه الرمادية To protect plant. To protect people health. To protect the environment. To protect grey water system. إزالة المواد التي قد تضر بالنبات. إزالة المواد التي قد تضر بصحة الإنسان أو الحيوان. إزالة المواد التي قد تضر بالبيئة عامة. إزالة المواد التي قد تسبب انسداد نظام المياه الرمادية.

Disinfection التعقيم Chlorination. UV. Ozonation. الكلور. الأشعة فوق البنفسجية. الأوزون.

Grey Water Pollution Primary Pollution. Secondary Pollution. التلوث الرئيسي. التلوث الثانوي.

Primary Pollution التلوث الرئيسي As rivers and lakes started to receive organic pollution from industry, sewers and septic systems. These organics decomposed in the water, consuming the oxygen dissolved in it. This process is known as primary pollution. تصريف مخلفات المصانع والمدن في البحار يؤدي إلى استهلاك الأكسجين المذاب وذلك بسبب تحلل المواد العضوية، وهذا ما يعرف بالتلوث الرئيسي.

Primary Pollution التلوث الرئيسي The commonly used measurement of primary pollution is BOD5 (five-day Biological Oxygen Demand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). يتم قياس التلوث الرئيسي بمصطلح يعرف بــ BOD5 وهي كمية الأكسجين الحيوي ومصطلح الــ COD وهي ما يعرف بكمية الأكسجين الكيميائي.

التلوث الثانوي Secondary Pollution Algae and other plants start to grow as the result of being fertilized by the surge of nutrients from the above-mentioned sources. These fertilized plants, in turn, die and decompose, further robbing the water of its naturally dissolved oxygen. This phase is called secondary pollution يزداد نمو النباتات نتيجة تحلل المواد العضوية ولكن بعد موت هذه النباتات تتحلل وتستهلك الأكسجين المذاب أيضا وهذا ما يعرف بالتلوث الثانوي.

BOD5 for Grey Water

Treated Water Requirements Physical Properties Floating Particles Free Total Suspended Solids < 10 pH 6 to 8.4

Treated Water Requirements Organic and Chemical Properties Biological Oxygen Demand < 10 ppm Chemical Oxygen Demand < 50 ppm Total Organic Carbon < 40 ppm Fat Oil and Grease None pH 6 to 8.4

Treated Water Requirements Chemical Compounds Nitrate (NO3-N) 10 ppm Ammonia (NH3-N) 5 ppm Free Chlorine 0.2-0.5 ppm

Grey Water Sources Composition نسب مصادر المياه الرمادية

Black Water Process Flow Diagram

Grey Water Process Flow Diagram

Samples عينات Grey + Black Grey Water White Water Black Water

Circulating Pump + Injector Submersible Aerator Submersible Ejector Pump Circulating Pump + Injector

Injector Principle

Dosing Pump

Sand Filter

Filtration

Filter Blockage

Filter Backwash

Carbon Filter

Process & Instrument Diagram

References

Year Project Name Contractor Location Capacity in GPD Sector 2007 Dar Hody Hotel Mamlakah for Building and Construction Makkah 66,000 Tourism Al Ashi Tower Bamanea Trading & Contracting 26,500 Ajyad Commercial and Residential Tower Nizar Chouman Co. Ltd. 13,000 Residential Safwa Tower Al Otair Trading & Industry Group 211,000 2006 50 Bed Salwa Hospital Al Awad Est. Salwa 28,000 Health & Hospital 2004 Al Farsi New Tower Al Redwan Contracting & Engineering Co. Jeddah 21,500 Commercial Jamital Bir University Saudi Abv General Cont. Madina 8,000 Education Al Rajhi Mosque Al Rajhi Real Estate Riyadh 12,700 Other Dallah Hosptial In Riyadh Hashem Contracting Co. 10,600 2003 New Hotel Project European Agenciesco. 32,000 Seef Hq Building Project Bemco Bahrain 4,000 2001 Al Hokair Land Swayeh Co. 53,000 Conrniche Garden 11,000 2000 Holiday Inn Hotel Holiday Inn Al Khobar Al Rashid Center Rtcc

Photos

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