April 18, 2018 U.S. History Agenda: DO NOW: Term Matching NOTES #55: What foreign policy did the U.S. adopt during the Cold War? CLASS ASSIGNMENT: “The Cold War Begins” NOTES-CHECK #s 51–55 TODAY

What foreign policy did the U.S. adopt during the Cold War? Notes #55

United States vs. Soviet Union United States (U.S.A.) Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.) Democracy Freedom of speech Freedom of religion Capitalism Communist dictatorship Unquestioned loyalty to government Atheism Communism

The Cold War was a period after World War II that involved the political, economic, and military rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

This rivalry resulted from a competition for world power and influence between the two superpowers.

Beginning under President Harry S. Truman, the U. S Beginning under President Harry S. Truman, the U.S. adopted a foreign policy of containment to stop (Soviet) communism from spreading. President Harry S. Truman (1945–1953)

Examples of containment during the Cold War included:

Post- WWII Europe

1. The U.S. using the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan to provide aid to European nations threatened by communism after WWII. X X Nations that received help under the Truman Doctrine (1947) Nations that received help under the Marshall Plan (1948)

Pro- Soviet Pro-American Divided Germany (1949–1990)

2. The U.S. airlifting supplies to pro-American West Berlin from 1948 to 1949, after the city was blockaded by the Soviet Union. Berlin airlift (1948–1949)

Berlin Wall (1961–1989)

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949–present) 3. The U.S. and other western nations forming a military alliance called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to provide collective security against communist aggression. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949–present)

4. The U.S. sending its military to Korea in 1950 to prevent communist North Korea’s attempted takeover of non-communist South Korea during the Korean War, . . . South Korea (non- communist) North Korea (communist)

Korean War Casualties: U.S. Dead: 36,516 U.S. Wounded 92,134 North Koreans Dead: 215,000 North Koreans Wounded 303,000 South Koreans Dead: 137,899 South Koreans Wounded 450,742

Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) today . . . which helped Korea remain a divided nation when fighting during the war ended in 1953. Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) today