Coupled Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Modeling Experiments in Hurricanes

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Presentation transcript:

Coupled Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Modeling Experiments in Hurricanes Shuyi S. Chen Joseph Tenerelli, Wei Zhao, Mark Donelan Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science University of Miami 26th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Miami, 3-7 May 2004

Coupled Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Modeling CBLAST-Hurricane Coupled Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Modeling Objective - To develop air-sea coupling parameterizations for fully coupled, high-resolution atmosphere-wave –ocean modeling systems for hurricane prediction. Wind-Wave Coupling Effects of Sea Spray Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling

Surface fluxes and stress ATMOS. MODEL (MM5/COAMPS/WRF) OCEAN MODEL (HYCOM or 3DUOM) WAVE MODEL (WAVEWATCH III or WAM) Roughness length Wind-induced stress Surface fluxes and stress SST SSH & current velocity Wave-Induced stress Coupled Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Modeling System for Hurricane Predictions LES Sea Spray Param. of spectral tail and drag coefficient Param. of wave dissipation Source function? Drop size distribution? Effects on turbulence? How do these affect exchange coefficients of enthalphy? What is the ratio of CD and Ch/Cq?

Coupled Modeling System MM5 (PSU/NCAR) (vortex-following nests with 45, 15, 5, and 1.67 km grid spacing, NCEP analysis and AVHRR or TMI/AMSR-E SST) WAVEWATCH III (NOAA/EMC) (1/12o, 25 frequency bands, 48 directional frequency bands) HYCOM (UMiami/NRL) (1/12o, 22 vertical levels with 4-6 in the ocean mixed layer) 3DUOM (Price’s 3-D Upper Ocean Circulation Models)

Open Ocean (Northeast) Observed WW3

Landfall (Southwest) Observed WW3

Wind-Wave Coupling

Coupled MM5-WAVEWATCH III Roughness Length (non-directional) t = tt + tw zo zo - wave-age dependent Stress Vector (directional) Mx = - tx My = - ty tx , ty - components of stress from integral of momentum input to the wave spectrum. V t

Wind-Wave Coupling Spectra Tail Parameterization: Spectra Tail Parameterization: X-component of stress from integral of momentum input to the spectrum: Growth rate of each component from measurement of pressure-slope correlation Spectrum of long waves from WAVEWATCH III; spectrum of short waves from fit to tail given below. a is adjusted to fit the highest modeled wavenumbers. b is the spreading function for the short waves.

Drag coefficient in high-wind conditions (Donelan et al. 2004) Figure 4. Vorticity contours obtained via Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) in the air flow over wind driven waves [Reul, 1998]. Both wave and air flow are from left to right. (Top) waves of gentle slope – non-separated flow. (Bottom) waves of steep slope – separated flow. Z(cm) 0 10 20 30 40 x (cm) 6

Hurricane Floyd (1999)

Hurricane Floyd (1999)

Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling

Hurricane Bonnie (1998)

Before Bonnie . . After Bonnie . . . . . . .

Hurricane Bonnie (1998)

Net Heat Flux Uncoupled Coupled Ocean

Temperature Profiles Open Ocean Gulf Stream

CBLAST 2003 Field Program Hurricane Isabel

TRMM TMI

NOAA/HRD&AOC Radar Composites in Hurricane Isabel 9/12/03 1700 UTC 9/12/03 2000 UTC 9/13/03 1600 UTC 9/13/03 1800 UTC 9/14/03 1600 UTC 9/14/03 2000 UTC

Floyd (1999) Isabel (2003)

Floyd (1999) Isabel (2003)

Coupled Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Modeling CBLAST-Hurricane Coupled Atmosphere-Wave-Ocean Modeling Conclusions and Future Work Hurricane intensity and track (to a lesser degree) forecasts are very sensitive air-sea flux parameterizations and wind-wave coupling, especially at very high resolution. New air-sea coupling parameterizations are needed for high-resolution, coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean models for hurricane prediction. Coupling parameterizations will be improved and transferred to other coupled modeling systems, e.g. COAMPS (collaboration with Dr. Shouping Wang).