WARM-UP: Historians believe that the Scientific Revolution can go hand in hand with the Enlightenment… With that being said, what do you think the Enlightenment was in terms of political thinking?

THE ENLIGHTENMENT: The intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries that caused dramatic changes in political, religious, and educational doctrines Applied reason to the human world, not just the natural Helped to stimulate religious tolerance Fueled democratic revolutions around the world

THE PHILOSOPHERS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT: Applied scientific knowledge and reasoning to law and government: Thomas Hobbes John Locke Charles-Louis de Motesquieu Jean-Jacques Rousseau Voltaire Thomas Jefferson

The Philosophers of the Enlightenment – Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Country: England Important Work(s): Leviathan Type of Government: Absolute Beliefs: People are naturally wicked and need a strong government to control them Power of the government comes from the need to manage people’s behavior, not divine sources

The Philosophers of the Enlightenment – John Locke (1632-1704) Country: England Important Work(s): Two Trestises of Government Type of Government: Democratic Beliefs: Life, liberty, and property are natural rights The government exists to protect those rights Monarchs are not chosen by God When a government fails to do so, the people, who are sovereign, have the right to change it

Country: France Important Work(s): The Spirit of the Laws The Philosophers of the Enlightenment – Charles-Louis de Motesquie (1689-1755) Country: France Important Work(s): The Spirit of the Laws Type of Government: Democratic Beliefs: The government should be separated into different branches to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power (separation of powers) These branches should be the executive, the legislative, and the judicial

People are naturally good, but society corrupts them The Philosophers of the Enlightenment – Charles-Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) Country: France Important Work(s): The Social Contract Type of Government: Democratic Beliefs: People are naturally good, but society corrupts them Government is a contract between rulers and citizens Government comes from the consent of the governed

The Philosophers of the Enlightenment – Voltaire (1694-1778) Country: France Important Work(s): Numerous works of satire (humor) focusing on history and politics Type of Government: Enlightened Absolutism Beliefs: Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism Seperation of church and state

The Philosophers of the Enlightenment – Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) Country: United States Important Work(s): The Declaration of Independence Type of Government: Democratic Beliefs: All men have certain inalienable rights and when the government abuses these rights, the people have the right to overthrow the government

INFLUENCES OF ENLIGHTENMENT ON THE UNITED STATES Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the Americas and France How did the Enlightenment Impact the United States? Declaration of Independence U.S. Bill of Rights U.S. Constitution

EXIT TICKET How is the Enlightenment similar and different than the Scientific Revolution? How did Locke and Rousseau impact the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, and the Constitution?