International Journal of Surgery

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International Journal of Surgery A wearable mobility assessment device for total knee replacement: A longitudinal feasibility study Richard M. Kwasnicki, Raza Ali, Stevan J. Jordan, Louis Atallah, Julian J.H. Leong, Gareth G. Jones, Justin Cobb, Guang Zhong Yang, Ara Darzi International Journal of Surgery Volume 18, Pages 14-20 (June 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.04.032 Copyright © 2015 IJS Publishing Group Limited Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 E-AR sensor. International Journal of Surgery 2015 18, 14-20DOI: (10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.04.032) Copyright © 2015 IJS Publishing Group Limited Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Peri-operative patient performance as measured by the sensor (all activities combined), TUG and ROM (normalised values). All data were normalised relative to the median pre-operative performance (i.e. week 3 score/median pre-op score). International Journal of Surgery 2015 18, 14-20DOI: (10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.04.032) Copyright © 2015 IJS Publishing Group Limited Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Case comparison – Patient A exhibits a typical recovery curve whilst patient B shows late signs of deterioration (reflected by sensor and knee range of motion). International Journal of Surgery 2015 18, 14-20DOI: (10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.04.032) Copyright © 2015 IJS Publishing Group Limited Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Raw data (arbitrary units) from e-AR sensor captured during walking. For illustrative purposes, this shows changes in the signal throughout recovery. Each axis is shown by a different colour (Blue – Medio-lateral, Red – Supero-inferior, Green – Antero-posterior). Downward spikes in the red and green axes reflect ground contact events. International Journal of Surgery 2015 18, 14-20DOI: (10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.04.032) Copyright © 2015 IJS Publishing Group Limited Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Sensor accuracy for classifying study subjects into chronological groups. Grey columns consider correct classification into 1 of 3 possible groups, and white columns into 1 of 7 groups, with expectedly lower accuracy. International Journal of Surgery 2015 18, 14-20DOI: (10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.04.032) Copyright © 2015 IJS Publishing Group Limited Terms and Conditions