Rise of the Romans

Geography of Rome 800 B.C.: small settlement called Rome built along Tiber River Rome lies near the center of the Italian Peninsula History of Italy Region was called Latium, and people living there were called Latins Language they spoke was called Latin.

Geography of Rome City’s hills provided natural defense from enemies Tiber River provided nearby port and transportation Rome was located on key trade routes Trade routes crossed the Tiber river Extends into Mediterranean Sea Mountains: Alps and Apennines Plenty of farming land and rivers to travel

The Founding of Rome Legends and Facts (P. 311) 1) According to legend, who founded the city of Rome? 2) Who were the mother and father of Rome’s founders? 3) In two paragraphs, summarize the story of Rome’s creation. 4) Why do you think that historians do not believe this legend? 5) What is it that archaeologists have discovered about Rome?

People of Italy Who influenced the Romans? Greeks Etruscans Many Greeks had settled in the Italian Peninsula Greek Mythology influenced Roman mythology Ex. Zeus became Jupiter Romans also adopted Greek legends and heroes Most powerful people in central Italy when Rome was founded Lived north of Latium Skilled artists and builders Sailed around Mediterranean Learned from Greeks and Phoenicians

Roman Society (P.322) 1) Define: patriarchal society 2) What could be some of the disadvantages of having a patriarchal society? 3) Define: paterfamilias 4) What kind of power did paterfamilias have?

Roman Society – Women (P.322) Women in Rome Women in Greece

Life in Rome Rich and Poor (P.323) Wealthy Romans Poor Romans

Life in Rome Slaves (P. 324) What was life like for slaves in Rome? Provide detailed answers. What was a famous example of slaves fighting back?

A Look at the Roman Government Early Roman Republic A Look at the Roman Government

Patricians Plebeians Lower Class (workers) 95% of people No say in government Served in the army Wealthy Landowners Have a say in government Held military and religious positions

Forms of Government in the World Monarchy rule by one person Democracy rule by the people Oligarchy rule by an elite few (aristocracy) Dictatorship one person absolute rule What are the pros and cons of each of these forms of government?

Roman Government Before the Republic Rome began as an independent city-state led by monarchs Kings (monarchs) ruled with much power Leader of army Main Priest Supreme Judge Monarchs built first buildings in the Forum Kings ruled with consent from wealthy aristocrats. Senate (“Old Man”): Older, wealthy men who advised the king in important matters. Opinion: Why do you think that Roman kings needed the approval from wealthy Roman aristocrats?

Tarquin the Proud The Last of the Roman Kings Lucius Tarquinius Superbus 7th and final king of Rome Etruscan Origin Mistreatment of his people led to rebellion by Brutus and aristocrats. After him, Rome became a republic Citizens have the right to vote and elect officials Do you think that people in the United States would allow for a king to rule them? Why or why not?

The Roman Republic Romans chose a complex government, which included: Roman Constitution System of laws by which a government is organized Rule of law Law Applied to everyone written laws to protect themselves and their liberty 12 Tables Mixed government combined strengths of all forms of governments

Roman Republic Also Included Three branches Assemblies, Senate, and Magistrate Separation of powers no one group has all the power Each branch had different responsibilities and powers One branch could stop (check) another branch from misusing power Limited Power for Officials in Government Two consuls instead of a top leader Each consul could cancel the action of the other (veto power) Government officials were chosen for one year Why was a veto power necessary for Roman consuls?

The System of Checks and Balances The Roman Republic The System of Checks and Balances Monarchical Aristocratic Democratic Magistrates 2 Consuls + (elected officials) Senate Assemblies Directed government and army Acted as judges Acted as chief priest Controlled state budget Could pass laws Advised Consuls Powerful Part of Government Approved/rejected laws Decided on War Could veto actions of magistrate Open to Plebeians Basis of power: need for leadership members were richest men in Rome. provided most of the soldiers Limits on power: one year term each could veto could not control army Could not suggest laws

Assemblies Democratic part of government All adult males could participate Elected officials and passed laws Had power because it was composed by most Roman citizens, who were the soldiers at the time.

Senate 300 men Chosen for life Advise Consul Deal with other countries “old men” 300 men Chosen for life Advise Consul Deal with other countries Proposes laws Approve public works Deal with daily government problems

The Race of Honors: How to Become a Consul The Magistrate The Race of Honors: How to Become a Consul

Lower Offices of Magistrates Quaestor Aedile Elected by popular vote (patricians and plebeians) Financial officer Kept track of the state’s money If a quaestor did well, he could seek election as an aedile Duties: Public buildings Public Games

Offices of the Magistrate Tribune of the Plebs Praetors Defend lives & property of plebeians Gathered plebeians to Assembly Could veto laws 10 elected annually 8 elected annually Judicial duties Gathered Senate Supervise defense of Rome Govern province after term

Consuls Top government officials Two chosen every year Headed the army and ran the government Served for a short term, avoiding risk of abusing power Veto Power The right of the consul to reject the other’s decision. Latin for “I forbid”

Occasional Magistrates Dictator Named by the Senate in times of emergency Served only for 6 months but had complete power Why do you think that during times of emergency (ex. War) Romans would want to give power to only one man?

. Dictator Consuls Senate Assembly How the Republic Works Division of Power 1 person . 2 men Consuls 300 members Senate Rest of population Assembly

The Roman Forum Center of political, commercial and judicial life in ancient Rome. Basilicas were buildings at the forum where legal cases were heard. When they built other cities, Romans would usually build a forum at the center