KINGDOMS NOT Magical NOR Royal!

EVOLUTION KINGDOM Fungi Animal KINGDOM Plant KINGDOM KINGDOM Protista Bacteria KINGDOM

Bacteria! Prokaryotes Single-Cells! The GOOD SIDE: MOST are BENEFICIAL to us and the environment Single-Cells! The BAD SIDE: A FEW can make us sick PRIMATIVE!

JUST SAY NO TO ANTI-BACTERIAL Washing with regular soap is GOOD! JUST SAY NO TO ANTI-BACTERIAL for daily use!!

Protista! Unicellular How do they reproduce? Sexual, Asexual OR BOTH! How do they get food? Heterotrophs! OR BOTH! Multicellular: Many cells working together as one Autotrophs! Some are like animals Colonizing: Individuals that congregate Some are like plants How are they organized? General Characteristics:

Protista! Dinoflagellate Paramecium Euglena Diatoms Slime mold Amoeba Sea Kelp AKA brown algae Red Algae Green Algae

NOTICE the relationship Plants share a close common ancestor with GREEN ALGAE! Can we conclude that plants evolved from PROTISTS?

Kingdom FUNGI What can you say about the evolution of fungi?

Fungi “cells” called HYPHAE Eat dead, organic matter General Characteristics! ALL ARE DECOMPOSERS!!! Reproduce Sexually: “SPORES” = Babies HOW DO THEY EAT? MANY are edible Step TWO: suck up or absorb the goodness Step ONE: “spit” digestive enzymes OR Absorptive Heterotrophs

Phylum ZYGOMYCOTA BREAD MOLDS!

Phylum BASIDIOMYCOTA Mushrooms & Toadstools

Phylum Ascomycota Yeasts, Molds/Mildews, & Morels! Carbonation in first “pop” Skin infections! Risen Bread

Foods go “bad” when fungus invades Bread Mold Experiment! Fungus spores are EVERYWHERE! Foods go “bad” when fungus invades Can YOU determine the BEST environment for bread mold to grow??? THINK ABOUT…. Temperature Light Moisture Air exposure

Kingdom Plantae What can you say about the evolution of plants?

Types of plants FERNS LIVERWORTS FLOWERING CONIFERS MOSSES

Plants…In General eukaryotes multicellular Photosynthetic AUTOTROPHS NEED CO2 SUN! O2 OUT MOST reproduce sexually But many reproduce asexually VASCULAR SYSTEMS! Need NITROGEN! NEED WATER! Alternation of Generations: Sporophyte to Gametophyte

ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS Plant Life Cycle

VASCULAR SYSTEMS!

General Anatomy LEAVES: Capture sunlight Waxy cuticle to prevent water loss More SA = more chance for dry out STOMATA: pores to allow water & oxygen out VASCULAR TISSUE: Water transport (XYLEM) Transport glucose from photosynthesis (PHLOEM) How are WE similar to plants? ROOTS = anchor & absorb water + nutrients

Habitat! WET! Phylum Bryophyta WET! WET! Can grow & reproduce Mosses & liverworts Similar to algae WET! WET! Habitat! Can grow & reproduce ONLY when wet Short

Phylum Pteridophyta Ferns & clubmosses COMPLETE vascular system: roots; stems; leaves CAN survive in areas of changing seasons STILL DEPEND ON WET HABITAT for full life cycle

Phylum Spermatophyta Seeds FREED THEM from WET areas Seed plants ANGIOSPERMS GYMNOSPERMS

Modified leaves = NEEDLES Gymnosperms Cycads, ginkgoes, and conifers Modified leaves = NEEDLES Last 2-14 years! Some have CONES Live in dry areas Seeds exposed to AIR

Angiosperms FOOD SOURCE! Reproduce & grow to maturity quickly Monocots & Dicots FLOWERS and SEEDS! Flowers, fruits, vegetables, cactus, grasses, leafy trees FOOD SOURCE! Reproduce & grow to maturity quickly Seed modified to have cotyledons which nourish the developing plant HIGHLY DIVERSE! leaf shapes, sizes, flower patterns

Animalia

Food Webs!

World HUNGER!