Industry vs. Cotton (North vs. South)

Transportation Revolution The National Road – nation’s first highway Stretched from Maryland to Illinois Railroad travel Faster than stagecoaches or wagons Unlike steamboats trains could go any where track was laid Expanded trade Settled the west

Water Transportation Erie Canal – created in New York to connect the Great lakes to the Atlantic Ocean Great for trade & opened a fast route to the west Steamboat Made river travel more reliable and upstream travel easier Faster, more efficient, and cheaper way to move goods

Progress Industrial Revolution From hand tools to large, complex machines From skilled artisans to unskilled assembly line workers Henry Ford = assembly line Eli Whitney = interchangeable parts From home-based workshops to factories housing hundreds of workers From selling goods locally to selling goods nationwide

North Industrial economy based on manufacturing goods Wanted high tariffs to protect its products from cheap foreign labor Favored a strong national government to build roads, railroads, & protect trade Did not use slave labor- employed immigrants in the factories

Cotton is King! 1793 – Eli Whitney builds the cotton gin Quickly and efficiently combed the seeds out of cotton bolls Cotton now dominated the region b/c textile mills were expanding in Europe and cotton was needed badly! By 1860 southern grown cotton accounted for nearly 2/3 of the total export trade of the United States Demand for slave labor skyrockets!

Slavery Task system – small farms Gang system – large plantations Workers given a specific set of jobs When those jobs were finished the rest of the day was on their own Gang system – large plantations Workers organized into work gangs that labored from sunup to sundown Driver – director of the gang system Chosen for loyalty or willingness to cooperate Ensure that workers continued to work all day

Slave Codes The Slave Codes were laws that forbid enslaved men and women from… Owning property Leaving the slaveholder’s premises w/o permission Owning of firearms Testifying in court against a white person Learning to read and write They were viewed as property and were treated that way

South Farming economy based on cotton production Opposed high tariffs because the South imported much of its manufactured products Favored weak national government Scared a strong government might end slavery Used slavery because of the plantation system which required much labor.

REMEMBER THIS!!!!! ALABAMA BECAME A STATE IN 1819!!!!!

Missouri Compromise 1819 – Missouri applied to become a state (wanted to be a slave state) If accepted it would disrupt the balance of power between free states & slave states in Congress Missouri Compromise Missouri entered as a slave state Maine entered as a free state The 36-30 line of latitude b/c the boundary for future entrance of free & slave states Above line = free Below line = slave

Presidents 1824 – John Quincy Adams elected president Political Party – National Republicans 1828 – Andrew Jackson elected president Political Party – Democratic-Republicans