Anatomy & Physiology *Anatomy Shape and structures of an organism’s body and the relationship of one body part to another *Physiology Function of each body part and how the functions of the various body parts coordinate to form a complete living organism

11 Organ Systems 1. Integumentary System – external covering of the body, or the skin. Protects deeper tissue from injury. 2. Skeletal System – Protects and supports body organs: provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement. 3. Muscular System - Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion and facial expression. 4. Nervous System - Fast-acting control system of the body; responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.

Cont. 5. Endocrine System – Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reporduction, and nutrient use (metabloism) by body cells. 6. Cardiovascular System – Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc.; the heart pumps blood. 7. Lymphatic System – Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood; disposes of debris in the lymphatic streat; houses white blood cells involved in immunity.

Cont. 8. Respiratory System - Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide; the gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs. 9. Digestive System - Breaks food down into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells; indigestible food materials are eliminated as feces. 10. Urinary System – Eliminates itrogenous wastes from the body; regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood. 11. Reproductive System – Both male and female. The overall function is to produce, develop and nourish offspring.

Homework: Review Medical Terminology Chapter 1 Pages 12-14 Anterior Landmarks Posterior Landmarks Directional Terms

Terms for Location or Position and Directions Anterior or ventral Front or in front of Posterior or dorsal Back or in back of Cranial and caudal Refer to direction of either toward the “head end” or “tail end” Superior and inferior Above or below another

Terms for Location or Position and Directions, etc. Medial and lateral Toward the midline or away from the midline Proximal and distal Toward or away from the point of attachment or origin Superficial or external On or near the surface or deep (internal)

Body Cavities Dorsal Cavity Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity Brain and spinal cord Cranial cavity Spinal cavity VENTRAL CAVITY Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity Dorsal Cavity

Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions Epigastric region (upper) Just below sternum Right and left hypochondriac Just below ribs Umbilical (middle) Located around the navel

Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions Right and left lumbar Extend from anterior to posterior Hypogastric (lower) Pubic area Right and left iliac Also called right and left inguinal areas

Smaller Cavities Orbital cavity Nasal cavity Buccal cavity Eyes, eyeball muscles, optic nerves, and lacrimal (tear) ducts Nasal cavity Parts that form the nose Buccal cavity Teeth and and tongue