Act of Hope O my God, relying on thy infinite goodness and promises, I hope to obtain pardon of my sins, the help of thy grace, and life everlasting, through the merits of Jesus Christ, my Lord and Redeemer. Amen.

Section 3: Spain in America

Maya, Aztec, and Inca – Intergalactic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBm3VnM2mIw

The Conquistadors

Conquistadors Conquistador – conquerors/explorer from Spain Set out to the New World for the 3 Gs: 1) Glory 2) God 3) Gold

Hernan Cortes 1519 – Cortes led expedition to Mexico Brought 500 men, horses, and cannons Cortes went to the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan Aztecs thought he might be a god Aztecs had been demanding tribute (payment) from many conquered provinces

Aztec Defeat 1520 – Aztecs rebelled and kicked out the Spanish, but Montezuma died 1521 – Cortes returned with Spanish reinforcements and Native American allies The Aztec empire fell apart

Francisco Pizarro Pizarro sailed down Pacific coast of S. America w/ 180 soldiers 1532, Pizarro captured Incan ruler Atahualpa (whom they later executed) and destroyed Incan army

Why Did Spain Win? Guns, cannons, and animals (horses and dogs) Native Americans assisted Spanish in overthrowing their rulers Disease – no immunity to European diseases, e.g. smallpox

Ponce de Leon 1513 – first to arrive on N. American mainland Legend that he was looking for gold & fountain of youth 1565 – Spanish established first permanent settlement of St. Augustine in Florida

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca Part of 1528 Spanish expedition to FL (led by Panfilo de Narvaez) 2 of 5 boats survived, ran aground in Texas De Vaca and slave, Estevanico, became medicine men to survive Told about seven cities of emerald & gold he saw

Hernando de Soto Explored Florida and the west 1541 – crossed Mississippi River Died of fever

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Looking for legendary Seven Cities of Cibola Traveled through Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico, Kansas

Pueblos, Missions, and Presidios Pueblos – towns, established centers of trade Missions – religious communities (town, farmland, church) Presidios – fort (near a mission)

Class System Upper class – peninsulares – born in Spain Creoles – born in Americas to Spanish parents Mestizos – people with Spanish and Native American parents Native Americans – most in great poverty African slaves

Encomienda Encomienda – right to demand taxes or labor from Native Americans living on land Native Americans effectively made into slaves Many died – malnutrition & disease

Bartolome de Las Casas Spanish priest, condemned cruel treatment of Native Americans, wanted laws to protect them Spanish government passed New Laws – no Native American slaves

Plantation System Plantation – large estate Las Casas suggested using African and white slaves (the slavery happening in southern Spain was more like indentured servitude) – later denounced African slavery Already existing slave trade in West Africa – Portuguese and Spanish felt they were trading in justly obtained property Mid-1500s, Spanish and Portuguese both brought thousands of West African slaves to American plantations

Section 3 Assessment 1) Write three true and three false statements using each of the following terms once: conquistador, tribute, pueblo, mission, presidio, plantation. - Student work should reflect correct use of terms. 2) What three kinds of settlements did Spain establish in the Americas? - Pueblos, missions, and presidios How did they differ? - Pueblos were towns and centers for trade; missions were small religious communities; and a presidio was a fort built near a mission. 3) What groups made up the class system in Spanish America? - Peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, Native Americans, enslaved Africans

Section 3 Assessment 4) One conquistador explained, “We came to serve God and the king, and also to get rich.” In what way do you think conquistadors planned to serve “God and the king”? - By converting people to Christianity and claiming land and riches for the king. 5) Re-create the diagram below and list causes of Spain’s success in conquering Native American empires. - Answers may include: awe of the Spanish, weapons held by the Spanish, the native peoples’ dislike of their Aztec overlords, and no immunity to European diseases. 6) Review the map of Spanish exploration on page 52. What expedition traveled from Florida to the Mississippi River? - De Soto. Through what regions did the Coronado expedition travel? - Northern Mexico and present-day Arizona and New Mexico.

Homework Study

Act of Hope O my God, relying on thy infinite goodness and promises, I hope to obtain pardon of my sins, the help of thy grace, and life everlasting, through the merits of Jesus Christ, my Lord and Redeemer. Amen.