Chapter 1 Body orientation:

Body planes: Median(equal) and sagittal(unequal)-left and right sides Frontal(coronal)-equal front(anterior) and back(posterior) Transverse(cross,horizontal)-upper and lower parts

Anatomical position: Standard body position Face forward with hands and palms forward Thumbs facing laterally

Body positions and terminology:

Ventral Front side Dorsal Back side Superior Towards head, upper part Inferior Away from the head, lower part Anterior Towards the front Posterior Towards the back Medial Towards the midline(median) Lateral Away from the midline

Intermediate Between medial and lateral Proximal Towards origin of attachment Distal Further from the origin Superficial Toward the bodies surface Deep More internal, away from the surface

Abduction Moving away from midline Adduction Moving toward midline Inversion Sole moving inward Eversion Sole moving outward Supination Palm upward Pronation Palm downward

Flexion Decrease angle-bend joint Extension Increase angle-straighten joint Plantar Flexion Toes downward Dorsal Flexion Toes upward Ankle Inversion Foot moves medial Ankle Eversion Foot move lateral

Dorsal body cavity: Made up of two subdivisions Cranial cavity-space inside of the bony skull Spinal cavity-foramen magnum to the end of the vertebral column, contains the spinal cord

Ventral body cavity: Chest and abdomen Thoracic cavity-lungs and heart Abdominopelvic cavity-stomach, liver and intestines **Separated by the diaphragm