Anatomical Terminology Why?  Correct anatomical terminology allows people to communicate effectively and accurately Body Positions - Anatomical Position:body erect, feet on floor and slightly apart, head and palms facing forward - Supine: body lying face upward - Prone: body lying face downward

Anatomical Terminology Cont. Directional Terms anterior (ventral)--the front side of the body posterior (dorsal)--the back side of the body superior (cranial)--toward the head inferior (caudal)--away from the head medial--toward the midline of the body lateral--away from the midline of the body proximal--closer to the point of attachment distal--farther from the point of attachment superficial (external)--located close to or on the body surface deep (internal)--located beneath the body surface

Regional Terms Anterior Abdominal: anterior body trunk inferior to ribs Acromial: point of shoulder Antebrachial: forearm Antecubital: anterior surface of elbow Axillary: armpit Brachial: arm Buccal: cheek area Carpal: wrist Cervical: neck region Coxal: hip Crural: leg Deltoid: curve of shoulder area formed by large deltoid muscle

Regional Terms Cont. Digital: fingers, toes Femoral: thigh Fibular: lateral part of leg Frontal: forehead Inguinal: area where thigh meets body trunk; groin Nasal: nose area Oral: mouth Orbital: eye area Patellar: anterior knee Pelvic: area overlying the pelvis Pubic: genital region Sternal: breastbone area Tarsal: ankle region Thoracic: chest Umbilical: navel

Regional Terms Cont. Posterior Calcaneal: heel of foot Cephalic: head Femoral: thigh Gluteal: buttock Lumbar: area of back between ribs and hips Occipital: posterior surface of head Olecranal: posterior surface of elbow Popliteal: posterior knee area Sacral: area between hips Scapular: shoulder blade region Sural: the posterior surface of lower leg; the calf Vertebral: area of spine Plantar: sole of the foot

Body Planes and Sections Sagittal:longitudinal section that divides the body into right and left portions - median or midsagittal:directly down the middle of the body - parasagittal:divides anywhere except for right down the middle; divides the body into unequal parts Frontal (coronal):divides the body into anterior and posterior portions Transverse:divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) portions

Sagittal MRI Scans

Transverse MRI Scans Cont.

Coronal MRI Scans

Body Cavities Dorsal (posterior) - cranial cavity--houses the brain - spinal (vertebral) cavity--contains the spinal cord Ventral (anterior) - thoracic cavity - pericardial cavity-surrounds the heart - pleural cavities--surrounds the lungs - abdominopelvic - abdominal cavity--contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, and the small and large intestine - pelvic cavity--contains the lower part of the digestive system (rectum), the urinary bladder, and the internal reproductive organs of the female

Body Cavities Cont. Abdominopelvic Cavity four quadrants - right upper quadrant (RUQ) - right lower quadrant(RLQ) - left upper quadrant(LUQ) - left lower quadrant(LLQ) Nine regions epigastric--upper middle portion umbilical--central portion hypogastric--lower middle portion hypochondriac--either side of epigastric lumbar--either side of umbilical iliac--either side of hypogastric

Body Cavities Cont. Oral: commonly called the mouth, contains teeth and tongue Nasal: posterior to the nose, part of the respiratory system passageways Orbital: house the eyes Middle Ear: medial to the eardrums