Write G3 in upper right corner ATOMIC THEORY Teaching Notes: Majority of STAR questions from chapter 4 & 5…check for comprehension OFTEN! Each section of chapter 4 starts with new Cornell Notes page (CN). Be sure to change “H” page number for each set of CN based on binder set up for current teaching year. Reinforce each section with review worksheets from text. Give quiz for section 1 and project assessment for sections 1 – 4. Teach section 5 (radioactivity) by reading text and completing reading/notetaking packet for section 5. Follow up with review worksheet from text. Set up Cornell Notes Write G3 in upper right corner 1

Atom the smallest particle of matter from the Greek word atomos meaning uncuttable or indivisible Democritus 430 B.C. 2

Atomic Theory …in 1600s …grew as a series of models that developed from experimental evidence. As more evidence was collected, the theory and models were revised. 3

Dalton’s Atomic Theory Proposed in 1803 …laid the groundwork for later atomic models. Over time, his original theory has been expanded and updated. John Dalton 1766 - 1844 4

Dalton’s Atomic Theory Atoms can’t be divided. Atoms of the same element are exactly alike with the same mass. Atom of one element can’t be changed into an atom of a different element. Atoms can’t be created or destroyed, only rearranged. Compounds are composed of atoms of different elements in specific ratios. 5

With a few exceptions, Dalton’s theory is used TODAY! Dalton’s Atomic Theory With a few exceptions, Dalton’s theory is used TODAY! 6

Thomson’s Model Proposed model in 1897 …atoms contain negatively charged electrons embedded on a positively charged sphere. Joseph John Thomson 1856-1940 7

Rutherford’s Model Proposed model in 1911 … atom contained a tiny core called a nucleus with positively-charged protons. Ernest Rutherford 1871-1937 8

Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment 9

Bohr’s Model Proposed model in 1913 … electrons moving around the nucleus in fixed orbits that have a set amount of energy. Niels Bohr 1885-1962 10

Cloud Model Proposed model in 1920 … electrons move rapidly in every direction around the nucleus. 11

Modern Atomic Model Proposed model in 1932 … at the center of the atom is a massive nucleus made of protons and neutrons with a cloudlike region surrounding it. James Chadwick 1891-1974 12

ATOMIC THEORY TIMELINE On a piece of notebook paper (attached to your Cornell Notes), create a timeline of the development of the atomic theory from 430 BC through 1932. Include the following on your timeline: year of the proposed model, idea, or advancement name of the scientist responsible for the idea or model (if there is one) sketch of the model with labels for each part (if there is a model) 13

ATOMIC THEORY DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE Atomic Theory Develops Democritus Cloud Model Rutherford Thomson Chadwick Dalton Bohr 1600 1897 1913 1932 430BC 1803 1911 1920 14

Check for comprehension: Review Reinforce Assess 15

MIXED UP CARDS ACTIVITY 16

MIXED UP CARDS Number students in group 1 – 4 (if only 3 students, student #1 is also #4). Place the cards on the table with the numbers facing up, all mixed up. Student #1 designs a plan to organize the cards and writes it on paper. Student #2 organizes the card according to the plan. Student #3 tells student #4 what card to find. Student #2 records how long it takes to find the card. Repeat this step 3 times. Record your time. Repeat all above steps switching student rolls within your group. 17

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Groups (Families) Periods F10 (green) (yellow/orange) (white) Metal Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal (green) (blue) (yellow/orange) Groups (Families) (white) zig-zag separates metals from nonmetals Periods F10 19

Periodic Table of Elements Set up Cornell Notes Page G6 20

Periodic Table Organization Mendeleev organized the first periodic table by increasing atomic mass. Modern periodic table is organized by increasing atomic number (number of p+). 21

Periodic Table Organization Increasing atomic numbers from left to right. Classes: Metal Semimetal Nonmetal Inert gas (a.k.a. Noble Gases) Periods: 7 horizontal rows Metals on left starting with most reactive Nonmetals on right with most reactive on far right next to inert gases Semimetals found in between metals and nonmetals Groups (Families): 18 vertical columns Elements with similar characteristics 22

Metals most reactive to least Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal (green) (blue) (yellow/orange) Groups (Families) (white) zig-zag separates metals from nonmetals Nonmetals most reactive to least Periods Metals most reactive to least F10 23

Metals most reactive to least Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Nonmetals most reactive to least Metals most reactive to least F10 24

H Hydrogen - one or two letters representing the name of the element. - the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. - the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Atomic number 1 H Chemical symbol Element name Hydrogen Atomic mass 1.01 25

Periodic Table Search ***Write the answers in the margin of your CN. On scratch paper, create two questions that require searching the periodic table for the answers. Make your questions challenging! Example: What nonmetal is highly reactive and has the lowest mass? Answer: Fluorine B ***Write the answers in the margin of your CN. 26

Check for comprehension: Review Reinforce Assess 27

Properties of Metals Set up Cornell Notes Page G8 28

Metals Physical Properties: Good conductors of electric current and heat. Physical Properties: 29

Luster The shine of an element. 30

Malleable Material that can be hammered or rolled into flat sheets or other shapes. 31

Ductile Material that can be pulled out or drawn into a long wire. 32

Thermal Conductivity Ability of an object to transfer heat. 33

Electrical Conductivity Ability of an object to transfer electric current. 34

Chemical Properties Reactivity: ease and speed a substance reacts with another substance. Corrosion: gradual wearing away of a metal due to a chemical reaction. 35

Check for comprehension: Review Reinforce Assess 36

Periodic Table Groups Set up Cornell Notes page Write G?? in upper right corner of notes page 37

Alkali Metals Group 1: Sodium reacting with water React with other elements by losing one electron Highly reactive Most important are sodium & potassium. Sodium reacting with water 38

Groups (Families) Periods Alkali Metals Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Groups (Families) Alkali Metals zig-zag separates metals from nonmetals Periods 39

Alkaline Earth Metals Magnesium crystals Group 2: React with other elements by losing two electrons Fairly hard, gray-white, good electrical conductor Most common are magnesium & calcium Magnesium crystals 40

Groups (Families Periods Alkaline Earth Metals Alkali Metals Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Groups (Families Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals zig-zag separates metals from nonmetals Periods 41

Iron Transition Metals Groups 3 - 12: Most are shiny & hard Good electrical conductors Most common are iron, copper, nickel, silver, gold 42

Groups (Families Periods Alkaline Earth Metals Alkali Metals Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Groups (Families Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals zig-zag separates metals from nonmetals Transition Metals Periods 43

Lead Metals in Mixed Groups Groups 13 - 15: only some of the elements in these groups are metals never found uncombined in nature most familiar are aluminum, tin, & lead Lead 44

Groups (Families) Periods Metals in mixed groups Alkaline Earth Metals Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Metals in mixed groups Groups (Families) Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals zig-zag separates metals from nonmetals Transition Metals Periods 45

Lanthanides Terbium Below main part of table: often mixed with more common metals to make alloys usually found together in nature combined with other elements Terbium 46

Groups (Families) Periods Metals in mixed groups Alkaline Earth Metals Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Metals in mixed groups Groups (Families) Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals zig-zag separates metals from nonmetals Transition Metals Periods Lanthanides 47

Actinides Plutonium Below lanthanides: elements after uranium are man-made very unstable Plutonium 48

Groups (Families) Periods Metals in mixed groups Alkaline Earth Metals Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Metals in mixed groups Groups (Families) Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals zig-zag separates metals from nonmetals Transition Metals Periods Lanthanides Actinides 49

Synthetic Elements Made by forcing nuclear particles to crash into one another. Particle Accelerator: used to speed up atomic nuclei 50

Metals most reactive to least Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Nonmetals most reactive to least Metals most reactive to least F10 51

Groups (Families) Periods Alkali Metals Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Groups (Families) Alkali Metals zig-zag separates metals from nonmetals Periods 52

Groups (Families Periods Alkaline Earth Metals Alkali Metals Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Groups (Families Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals zig-zag separates metals from nonmetals Periods 53

Groups (Families Periods Alkaline Earth Metals Alkali Metals Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Groups (Families Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals zig-zag separates metals from nonmetals Transition Metals Periods 54

Groups (Families) Periods Metals in mixed groups Alkaline Earth Metals Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Metals in mixed groups Groups (Families) Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals zig-zag separates metals from nonmetals Transition Metals Periods 55

Groups (Families) Periods Metals in mixed groups Alkaline Earth Metals Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Metals in mixed groups Groups (Families) Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals zig-zag separates metals from nonmetals Transition Metals Periods Lanthanides 56

Groups (Families) Periods Metals in mixed groups Alkaline Earth Metals Semimetal Inert gas Nonmetal Metals in mixed groups Groups (Families) Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals zig-zag separates metals from nonmetals Transition Metals Periods Lanthanides Actinides 57

Read pages 148 – 155 including figures. AS YOU READ, circle and label the carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and halogen families on your periodic table (F10). In Cornell Notes style, define the “Key Terms” listed on page 148 using pages 148-155. DO NOT use the glossary. (G8) On page 155, complete “Section 4 Assessment, Reviewing Key Concepts” on notebook paper. Answer in complete sentences. Don't write the questions. (G8) 58

QUIZ Atomic structure: subatomic particles, their charges, location, & mass. How periodic table was organized & how chemists changed it to what we use today. Organization of periodic table: groups & periods, reactivity of metals & nonmetals. 59

ADD SECTION 4.4 SECTION 4.5 – USE READING/NOTETAKING PACKET Check for comprehension: Review Reinforce Assess 60