LINC 101: Planning in New Zealand Dr Suzanne Vallance (DEM)

Planning theory Planning and policy Substance (what we plan) From pipes to wellbeing (and back again) Scale : From catchment to tap Form and content (density or mixed use) Process (how we plan it) Rationally? The means and the ends Who is involved? Why? Statutory versus non-statutory planning Purpose

State housing 1919: Workers Dwelling Act (build to rent) Planning was ‘technical’: street widths, drainage, etc within a broader political context: Workers deserve homes 1935: 400 designs for a ‘standard of living’. In 1937, Mr McGregor paid 1/3 of his income in rent

1950s : Masterplanned ‘suburbs’ Planner’s role was to design and coordinate Became clusters of poverty, areas of consolidated misery Failure of the modern state to ‘fix’ people Alternatives? Fix poverty! 1984: Neoliberal reforms: Grow the economy, enable individual choice in the market Developers provide housing, planners mitigate bio-physical environmental effects, individual consumers maximize their personal ‘wellbeing’ From direct provision of housing to the accommodation supplement In 1991, Mr Nysse paid ¾ of his income in rent 2016: state housing sold to community housing providers

Housing Influences (statutory) The purpose of the Resource Management Act (RMA) is to promote the sustainable management of natural and physical resources. In this Act, sustainable management means managing the use, development, and protection of natural and physical resources in a way, or at a rate, which enables people and communities to provide for their social, economic, and cultural well-being and for their health and safety while— (a) sustaining the potential of natural and physical resources (excluding minerals) to meet the reasonably foreseeable needs of future generations; and (b) safeguarding the life-supporting capacity of air, water, soil, and ecosystems; and (c) avoiding, remedying, or mitigating any adverse effects of activities on the environment

RMA City/district and regional ‘land use’ plans Zones What you can do, where, by law Effects-based (no more than minor effect on the ‘’environment’’ Focus on bio-physical environment not sufficient in addressing cumulative effects, affordability, infrastructure provision in urban areas

Greater Christchurch Urban Development Strategy 3 years of collaboration between CCC, SDC, WDC, Ecan and Transit Signed June 2007 35 years Location of future housing Developing or enhancing social and retail centres of activity, Location of areas of new employment Integration of transport networks to service these areas Non-statutory initially, now embedded in DPs/RPs

Other roles/plans National Policy Statement on Urban Development Capacity Special Housing Areas and Accord Suburban master plans Inclusionary zoning Infill housing (density) Use (mixed use) Minor residential units Long terms plans (LGA) https://www.ccc.govt.nz/the-council/plans-strategies-policies-and-bylaws/plans/long-term-plan-and-annual-plans/annual-plan-201718/

Non-statutory planning: funding

Non-statutory planning: Infrastructure and Facilities

Non-statutory planning: risk management

Back to planning theory Planning and policy Substance (what we plan) From pipes to wellbeing (and back again) Scale : From catchment to tap Form and content (density or mixed use) Process (how we plan it) Rationally? The means and the ends Who is involved? Why? Statutory versus non-statutory planning Purpose