ROOTS OF EACH BODY SYSTEM JOSE A.S. SANTIAGO M.D.

Introduction Roots grouped according to body systems Remember each root more easily by associating a mental picture of the organ to which it refers

Introduction Roots are a foundation for building medical terms Roots will be expressed in their combining form Examples: Osteo- bone Neuro- nerve

Anatomy and Physiology Study of the structure and parts of the body Physiology Study of the function of the body and how the body parts work

Levels of Organization Cells Smallest unit Tissue Cells combine to make tissues Organs Tissues combine to make organs

Levels of Organization The Cell -basic unit of life

Levels of Organization Tissue -groups of cells form a tissue Muscle tissue

Levels of Organization Organs Tissues combine to make organs HEPAT/O (Liver)

Levels of Organization Organ systems Related organs make a system

Levels of Organization Organism All organ systems together form the human body

Roots – Body as a Whole Adip/o; lip/o; steat/o fat Axill/o armpit Bi/o life Cephal/o head Cervic/o neck

Body Cyt/o cell Hist/o; histi/o tissue Path/o disease Viscer/o internal organs

Skeletal System Bones Cartilage Joints

Roots – Skeletal Arthr/o joint Chondr/o cartilage Crani/o skull Cost/o rib Myel/o bone marrow; spinal cord

Muscular System Muscles Tendons

Roots – Muscular My/o; muscul/o muscle Tend/o; tendin/o tendon

Nervous System and Organs of Special Sense Brain Spinal cord Nerves Eyes Ears

Roots – Nervous System, Eyes and Ears Blephar/o eyelid Cerebr/o; encephal/o brain Myel/o spinal cord; bone marrow

Nervous Neur/o nerve Ophthalm/o; ocul/o eye Ot/o ear

Circulatory System Heart Arteries Veins Capillaries Blood

Roots – Circulatory Arteri/o artery Angi/o; vascul/o; vas/o vessel Cardi/o heart Hem/o; hemat/o blood Ven/o; phleb/o vein