Practicing Leadership: Principles and Applications Chapter 8: Power and Leadership from the Top: Leadership Lessons from Political Science

Power and Influence Power – The potential influence over the attitudes and behaviors of one or more target individuals. Influence - The degree of actual change in a target individual's attitudes or behaviors. Influence Tactics – Behaviors an individual uses to affect another person's attitudes or behaviors. Ask before seeking to influence others: Is it legal? Is it balanced? How will it make me feel about myself?

Robbins’ seven most common tactics used to obtain influence Reason Friendliness Sanctions Bargaining Higher authority Assertiveness Coalition building

Sources of Power Power Expert Power Referent Power Legitimate Power Informational Power Reward or Coercive Power

Position Power

Personal Power

Etzioni’s Power Analysis

Social Power Social power – The positive expression of power when a goal is achieved McClelland, managers are most successful when they combine a high need for social power with a relatively low affiliation need. They believe in the validity of the authority system from which they draw their power. They believe in the organization. They enjoy their work and bring to it a sense of order. They are altruistic, believing that their well-being is linked with the corporation. They put the company first. They believe in seeking justice above all else and that justice should extend to the workplace.

Sources of Presidential Power Act as commander in chief of the military Serve as head of state Veto acts of Congress Convene Congress Appoint executive branch officials Make treaties Grant pardons

Evaluating Presidential Leadership Six types of skills that influence a president’s effectiveness: Skills as a public communicator Organizational capacity, which is defined as the “ability to rally colleagues and structure their activities effectively” Political skill Vision, meaning a president’s ability to organize the administration around a clear set of public-policy goals Cognitive style, which is the way in which presidents process all the information they receive Emotional intelligence

Questions for Discussion and Review What are some of the ways leaders seek to influence followers? What are different sources of power and which types are more associated with effective leadership? How do you define personal power? What is the difference between constitutional and extraconstitutional powers? What is the cornerstone of presidential leadership, according to Neustadt?