Pathogenic spirochetes Pathogenic spirochetes. Classification, biological properties and their role in human diseases. Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University / Department of microbiology

Classification of spirochetes Order: Spirochaetalis Families Spirochaetaceae Leptospiraceae Genera: 1. Borrelia Leptospira 2.Treponema

Medical important species GenusTreponema Species T. pallidum Subspecies: Subsp. pallidum Subsp. pertenue Subsp. endemicum Subsp. carateum

Medical important species Genus Borrelia: Species: B. reccurentis B.caucasica, B.persica and others B.burgdorferi Genus Leptospira: L.interrogans

Morfhology of Treponema pallidum

Antigen structure Lipid haptens. Group antigen Polysaccharide antigen

Epidemiology of syphilis The source of infection is human suffered from primary or secondary syphilis Infection occurs: through sexual contact (venereal disease); through placenta (congenital syphilis); rarely with direct contact and with infected blood during transfusion

Pathogenesis Primary syphilis Secondary syphilis Latent syphilis Tertiary syphilis

Laboratory diagnostics Dark-field microscopy Direct fluorescent antibody test

Laboratory diagnostics Serology Reagin tests Group specific treponemal tests Specific T.pallidum tests

Leptospira Morphology: It is slender (0. 1 µm by 8 to 20 µm), tightly coiled, flexible cell. It is motile, non-capsulated, non-sporeforming One or both ends are usually hooked, giving the cell typical shape as S or C letters.

Epidemiology Primary reservoir - wild animals Mode of transmission: Direct or indirect contact

Laboratory diagnostics Microscopy Culture method Experimental (biological) method Serological method

Borrelia

Epidemiology and pathogenesis Borreliosis transmitted to humans primarily by lice or ticks. Borrelia recurrentis is responsible for the louse-borne or epidemic type of relapsing fever with humans serving as the reservoir host. Other Borrelia are the causes of tick-borne or endemic type of relapsing fever. Rodents are the primary reservoir for these borreliae.

Laboratory diagnostics of relapsing fever Microscopy method. Experimental infection

Lyme disease

Laboratory diagnostics of Lyme disease Serological method

Spirochetes