America as a World Power

Objectives Explain how Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy promoted American power around the world Describe how Woodrow Wilson’s missionary diplomacy ensured U.S. dominance in Latin America

Teddy Roosevelt and the World Roosevelt the Peacemaker Panama Canal Russo-Japanese War In secret, Roosevelt finds a middle ground for the two countries Wins noble peace prize – 1906 Would great reduce travel time for commerce and military ships between Atlantic and Pacific oceans Two paths Nicaragua Geographically easier, but longer Panama (Columbia) Shorter distance, but over mountains and through swamps For 10 years a French company had tried and failed US buys the French route for $40m

Teddy Roosevelt and the World Panama Canal (cont.) Negotiations with Columbia broke down America back Panamanian independence Nearly a dozen U.S. warships present as Panama declare indepence 15 days later U.S. and Panama sign a treaty $10m up front $250,000 annual rent of the Canal Zone

Teddy Roosevelt and the World Constructing the Canal Began in 1904 By 1913 43,400 workers ¾ African-Americans from the British West Indies 5,600 workers died from accidents or disease Cost the U.S. $380m Opened Aug, 1914 1000 ships crossed that first year Relations in Latin America damaged even though U.S. paid $25m to Columbia in compensations

Teddy Roosevelt and the World The Roosevelt Corollary Dollar Diplomacy Monroe Doctrine – 1823 European countries stay out of affairs in Latin America “Speak softly and carry a big stick” U.S. would now use force to protect its economic interests in Latin America Nicaragua – 1911 Rebellion leaves country near bankruptcy American banks loan Nicaragua money to pay off its debts Bankers gain control of state-owned railroad and national bank and can collect nation’s custom duties Citizens rebel 2,000 U.S. Marines

Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy The Mexican Revolution U.S. had a moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin American government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to U.S. interests For decades foreigners had owned large shares of profitable industries Oil wells Mines Railroads Ranches Common people were extremely poor

Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy Intervention in Mexico Group of American sailors were arrested in Tampico Quickly releases Wilson sees his chance April 1914 18 Americans killed 200 Mexicans killed U.S. Marines occupy Veracruz Moderation attempted Argentina Brazil Chile Wilson refused to recognize a government that came to power through violence Regime collapse, Wilson removes troops

Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy Rebellion in Mexico Venustiano Carranza Did not have support of all of the Mexican people Francisco “Pancho” Villa Emiliano Zapata Opposed Carranza’s provisional government “Better to die on your feet than live on your knees” January 1916 Villa’s men kidnap American engineers off a train and shoot them Columbus, New Mexico 2 months later 17 Americans killed in a raid blamed on Villa

Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy Chasing Villa John J. Pershing 15,000 soldiers sent into Mexico to capture Villa dead or alive Wilson sends in another 150,000 National Guardsmen June 1916 Forces meet resulting in deaths Both sides end up backing down Mexico adopts a constitution that put nation’s oil and mineral resources under government control Invasion sets model of U.S. attitudes towards superiority of free-enterprise democracy

What role did President Roosevelt play in ending the Russo-Japanese War? What events led to the building of the Panama Canal? What did the Roosevelt Corollary state? What was dollar diplomacy?

What was Woodrow Wilson’s “missionary diplomacy”? Why did the United States become involved in the affairs of Mexico?