Unit 1 – Diversity of Living Things

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Unit 1 – Diversity of Living Things TAXONOMY Unit 1 – Diversity of Living Things

HOW DO WE ORGANIZE LIVING THINGS? We name all organisms using many names: K ingdom King P hylum Phillip C lass Cried O rder Out F amily “For G enus Goodness S pecies Sakes!” Each level is called a “taxon” s p e c i f i c

SIX KINGDOMS Unicellular  single-cell Multicellular  many cells Prokaryotic  no nucleus present in cells Eukaryotic  nucleus present in cells Each kingdom has many phyla Each phylum has many classes Each class has many orders Etc.

TAXONOMY Taxonomy  system of naming organisms Carl Linnaeus Swedish botanist and ecologist Designed binomial nomenclature binomial = two-name nomenclature = system Scientific name of any animal: Genus species Written in italics “Genus” is capitalized Names are Latin/Greek Carl Linnaeus Homo sapien

CLADOGRAMS Cladogram  the family tree for all living things that describes phylogenetic (evolutionary) relationships How do we figure out how organisms are related? Look for homologies (common characteristics)! Dichotomous keys: Classifying based on presence/absence of traits (yes/no questions)

DINOSAUR CLADOGRAM Common ancestors areat the base, and branches are evolutionary “families” with common traits

RECAP: TAXONOMY KEY WORDS Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Taxon (plural: taxa) Unicellular, multicellular Prokaryotic, eukaryotic Taxonomy Binomial nomenclature Cladogram Phylogeny / phylogenetic Homology / homologies / homologous Dichotomous key