The Cell Cycle Interphase & Mitosis

Intro The cell cycle is the order of steps (cycle) a cell goes through in order to make new cells. The order of the stages of the cell cycle are: G1 (Gap 1) S (Synthesis) G2 (Gap 2) M (Mitosis) Cytokinesis interphase

G1 phase (Interphase) Growth and normal specialized roles Normal cell growth; “lag phase” Cell grows in size (doubles), collects nutrients needed for synthesis

S phase (Interphase) Genetic information inside of the cell doubles to create two sets of identical chromosomes.

G2 phase (Interphase) Cell produces cell parts which are needed during mitosis Organelles are copied

M (Mitosis) Mitosis is the division of one mother cell into two identical daughter cells (asexual reproduction)

Prophase Spindle Fibers form Centrioles move to opposite poles Chromosomes become visible, nuclear membrane disappears

Metaphase Chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell. METAPHASE=MIDDLE!

Anaphase Sister chromatids separate Sister chromatids, now called daughter chromosomes, move to opposite poles

Telophase Nuclear membranes reform around each group of chromosomes Chromosomes unwind Cytokinesis begins, forming a cleavage furrow in animals and the cell wall begins to reform in fungal and plant cells.

Cytokinesis The process by which the cytoplasm divides and one cell becomes two individual cells. Process is different for plant and animal cells Animals - cell membrane pinches inward Plants - a new cell wall forms between the two new cells

Cell Cycle

Cancer Cancer occurs when cells no longer respond to cell cycle controls. UNCONTROLLED DIVISION: Never enters G0!