NEW UNIT! GENETICS.

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Presentation transcript:

NEW UNIT! GENETICS

Hint: the bases are bonded to the sugars. THE STRUCTURE OF DNA Recall the structure of DNA Monomer: _______________ Composed of: _________________________________________ 4 Bases: _____________________________________________ Shape: “Twisted ladder”: _______________ “Handrails”: ______________________ “Steps”: ________ Pairing: _____________ Nucleotide Sugar Group, Phosphate Group, Base Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine A T C G Edible DNA! At your table, there is a bag full of candy and toothpicks. You will be building a model of DNA. What rules must you follow when making your model? Double Helix Phosphate & Sugar Bases A – T, C – G Hint: the bases are bonded to the sugars.

STRUCTURE OF DNA Use your model to NEATLY draw a “flat” DNA molecule and label it with the following terms: sugar, phosphate, thymine, adenine, cytosine, guanine.

Some Terminology Somatic Cell Any cell other than sex cells (sperm & ovum) Eg. Skin cells, muscle cells, blood cells, etc. Gene A section of DNA associated with a particular inherited trait Genome The entire nucleotide sequence for a cell or organism The human genome contains 46 (23 pairs) chromosomes – one comes from mother, one from father. Estimated 20,000 – 25,000 genes

CHROMATIN AND CHROMOSOMES AND CHROMATIDS Genetic material is called different things depending on what form it’s in. Chromatin Non-condensed form of genetic material; composed of DNA and proteins Chromosome Condensed form of Sister Chromatids Pair of chromosomes condensed and attached by a centromere Centromere The point where two sister chromatids

Consider the Following Humans begin life as ONE cell. We become TRILLIONS of cells before being born due to cell division. After we are born, cell division continues as we grow. As adults, cell division replaces worn-out or damaged tissues. Lining of digestive tract New blood cells Lining of the respiratory tract Cells repair cuts New skin cells

THE CELL CYCLE The repeating series of events that occur as a cell grows and divides. Interphase G1 phase S phase G2 phase Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

Next up, Mitosis!!! 1. INTERPHASE The phase where a cell spends most of its life. G1 phase Growth DNA is in chromatin form One copy of each chromosome S phase Chromosomes are copied (DNA replication) G2 phase Second growth phase Prepares for mitosis Next up, Mitosis!!!