The World before the Great Wars Latin America, Germany and Europe’s scramble for Africa

19c Latin American Independence Movements Mexico- Won Independence from Spain in 1821. Brazil- Gained Independence from Portugal in 1822 United States gained Texas an other land from Mexico in the Mexican American War. (1846-1848)

Imperialism and the Spanish American War In 1898 America is drawn into a war with the Spanish over control of the Philippines. The US destroyed several Spanish Fleets in the Pacific and took control of the Philippines. Politicians argued whether the US should participate in imperialism like many European nations at the time. Imperialism- domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region.

The British Settle in Australia New South Wales became the first British colony in 1788. Australia would remain a colony of Britain until 1901 when Britain peacefully gave Australia their freedom Why do you think Britain allowed Australian autonomy?

The Sun Never sets on the British Empire Australia was not the only possession of the British. By 1800 Britain had a global empire. Perhaps the most important colony was INDIA.

Canada Gains it’s Independence On July 1, 1867, with passage of the British North America Act, the Dominion of Canada was officially established as a self-governing entity within the British Empire.

The French Revolt Again (Actually Twice) The Congress of Vienna restored Louis XVIII and while he issued a constitution of rights; Still the king kept a lot of power. The French Revolt in 1830 and again in 1848. Both Revolutions forced rulers to abdicate, or leave and eventually granted the right to vote to all French Males. France elected a President that happened to be the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte. He was Louis Napoleon and by 1852 he had proclaimed himself Emperor Napoleon III.

Germany is united and becomes and Empire In 1871 25 states join the German Empire. Germany’s key leader was Otto Von Bismarck (Chancellor of Germany) By 1900 Germany had matched Britain in Industrialization. Industrialization allowed the two nations to build huge armies and navies.

The Scramble for Africa Industrialization caused the need for large amounts of resources. Competition for resources caused Europeans to look at the “last frontier”, Africa. In the time period between 1881 and 1914 Europeans nations attacked and conquered most of Africa. European Industrialization made conquering Africa possible.

British Colonies Britain had managed to get some of the most valuable land in Africa. The most important gain was Egypt because of the Suez Canal. This provided a much quicker and safer route to India – the “Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire. EGYPT SUDAN NIGERIA BRITISH EAST AFRICA RHODESIA BECHUANALAND SOUTH AFRICA

French Colonies France had also built up a large colonial empire, mostly in the north west of Africa. This had caused problems and there had been serious arguments over colonies such as Morocco and Tunis. Arguments over colonies caused bad feeling between Britain and France. ALGERIA TUNIS MOROCCO FRENCH WEST AFRICA FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRICA MADAGASCAR

GERMAN SOUTH WEST AFRICA German Colonies Germany did not enter the race for colonies until very late and, as a result, much of the land gained was not very valuable. Despite this, Kaiser William II was determined that Germany should have a major empire. KAMERUN GERMAN EAST AFRICA GERMAN SOUTH WEST AFRICA

Scramble for Africa The Scramble for Africa, or Imperialism in Africa, caused hatred to grow between European nations And is one of the causes of World War I.

Key Questions Name one Latin American nation that gained its independence in the 1800’s. What was industrialization? What was the Scramble for Africa? How do you think the African’s reacted to Europeans coming in and taking their land? What advantages military did the Europeans have over the Africans?