Chapter 15 Section 3 After the battle of Hastings in 1066, _____ was crowned king of England. Under what king was English common law est.? The _____ helped establish the idea that people have rights & that the power of governments should be limited. The Grand Duke of Moscow became known as czar, a shortened form of Caesar, when _____ came to power. In 1095, Pope Urban II called for a crusade, or holy war, to be launched against _____.

England in the Middle Ages Who was William the Conqueror? Henry II & the Common Law What was the Magna Carta?

The Kingdom of France After Charlemagne’s Empire was divided, the western part of the empire became France. Phillip II took the French throne and warred with England. French Society: 3 Classes – Clergy, Nobles, & townspeople / peasants. Estates-General – France’s first parliament.

Eastern Europe & Russia Kiev Falls to the Mongols What was the Kievan Rus? Kiev Falls to the Mongols The Rise of Moscow

The Crusades 1st – Thousands of soldiers captured Jerusalem. The lands they conquered were divided into four states. 2nd – Muslims fought back & the Europeans got involved. Saladin, a Muslim became the ruler of Egypt and captured Jerusalem. The Europeans lost the 2nd Crusade. 3rd – France, England, & The Holy Roman Empire banded together against Saladin. Ended in a truce.

The Crusades 4th – began around 1200. Six more Crusades were staged. Little was accomplished. The Crusades helped break down feudalism & increased trade between Europe & the Middle Ages.