CHAPTER SIXTEEN Argumentation College Writing Skills with Readings 5th Canadian Edition John Langan and Sharon Winstanley © 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

© 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. Argumentation Argumentation involves asking “why” of an opinion Argumentation requires solid evidence to support your opinion Presenting a strong argument is a fundamental communications skill © 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

© 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. Argumentation Three considerations in an argument essay: Search for logical answers Examine the emotional attachment of your opinion Present clear, credible information to support your viewpoint © 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Strategies for Argumentation 1. Use tactful, courteous language 2. Point out common ground 3. Acknowledge different viewpoints 4. When appropriate, grant the merits of different viewpoints 5. Rebut different viewpoints © 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

© 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. Purpose and Audience Convince your audience that your opinion is correct Persuade your audience to take action (in some cases) Provide a clear main point and logical evidence Consider your audience’s knowledge and opinion of your topic Address opposing views to increase your credibility © 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

© 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. Point of View Tailor your argument to your audience’s interests and background Use third person to give a logical, detailed argument Avoid the subjective focus of first person © 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Argumentation Checklist Thesis that clearly states the point of your essay will argue. Acknowledge opposing points of view Tactful and courteous language Transitional words/phrases Logical arguments Objective approach—3rd person Strong evidence to support your arguments Concluding statement that summarizes and reinforces your thesis © 2008 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.