The Civil Rights Movement Chapter 31 The Civil Rights Movement

31.2 Discrimination In the South discrimination was the strongest The government created separate facilities for blacks and whites Examples: bathrooms, taxis, elevators, stairways, drinking fountains, schools to add text

31.3 Supreme Court Ends School Segregation Separate but Not Equal: Blacks did not get as high of quality objects as whites in anything Schools: Whites Desk and Blacks No Desk In college AA had to sit in a different classroom and listen from down the hall Brown v. Board of Education: The NAACP started suing schools because of segregation in the Supreme Court Thurgood Marshall was the lawyer of these cases Supreme Court decided that segregation in schools was wrong and let AA go to regular schools

31.4 Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks was arrested because she refused to move from her seat and give to a white man “Stay off the Buses”: AA decided that they were not going to ride buses until they stopped segregating Martin Luther King, Jr.: He was elected to run the bus boycott He was learning to be a preacher Bus Boycott lasted months on end AA walked and even rode mules to work King wanted to protest with PEACE Supreme Court decided the bus segregation was wrong

31.5 Nonviolent Protest Crisis in Little Rock: In Little Rock, Arkansas 9 AA students were going to an all white school The National Guard and a mob stopped them many times from entering President Eisenhower sent US troops with guns to escort them in This was the first time that blacks and whites were in the same school Sit-in: AA students started sitting in restaurant in “White Sections” When they were not served they sat there all day They returned the next and days and days after that Finally shop owners decided that they would allow them because they were losing money

31.6 Filling the Jails of Birmingham Letter from a Birmingham Jail: King was arrested in Alabama by the racist chief of police While in jail he wrote a letter on toilet paper that talked about discrimination The Children’s Marches: When King was released children started to protest discrimination The Chief of Police started to throw them in jails, beat them with clubs, and spray them with fire hoses Newspapers and the News showed the world what was going on and the shops in the city started to take down the signs

31.7 March on Washington and Civil Rights Laws “I Have a Dream”: 250,000 people came to hear King give his speech King did not give his speech instead he spoke from his heart The Civil Rights Laws of 1964 and 1965: These laws got rid of segregated areas and things, got rid of the literacy test to vote and registered AA in the voting system A Shift in Goals: King wanted also to ensure that AA had good education, good houses and jobs King was assassinated when he was starting this new campaign

31.8 Black Power A new movement by Black Muslims started to show hatred to all things white Malcolm X: Malcolm X lived a life of crime and when in prison he was taught by Muslim preachers that whites are his enemies Taught blacks to be themselves and seize their freedom by any means necessary He was assassinated by his own group, the Nation of Islam

Black Power: Young AA started to wear African style clothes and growing Afros Some saw Black Power as a way to change their lives for the good Others saw this as a way to attack whites The Lasting Legacy: Because the fight for equality by AA, other cultures won their fights as well