Respiratory System Function, Assessment, and Therapeutic Measures Chapter 29 Respiratory System Function, Assessment, and Therapeutic Measures

Review of A&P

Acid-Base Balance Respiratory Acidosis Respiratory Alkalosis Hypoventilation Respiratory Alkalosis Hyperventilation

Effects of Aging

History Upper Respiratory Symptoms Lower Respiratory Symptoms Exposures/Smoking Current Treatments Family History

WHAT’S UP? Where Is It? How Does It Feel? Aggravating and Alleviating Factors Timing Severity Useful Other Data Patient’s Perception

Inspection Symmetry Dyspnea Use of Accessory Muscles Color

Inspection (cont’d) Respiratory Rate and Rhythm Chest Shape

Palpation Sinuses Respiratory Excursion Crepitus

Percussion Resonance Hyperresonance Dull Flat

Auscultation Normal Breath Sounds Adventitious Sounds Compare Bilaterally

Adventitious Breath Sounds Crackles—Coarse or Fine Wheezes Stridor Friction Rub Diminished Absent

Laboratory Tests CBC ABGs D-Dimer Cultures SpO2

Diagnostic Tests Chest X-Ray CT Scan VQ Scan PFTs Angiography Bronchoscopy

Therapeutic Measures Behavior Modification Counseling Setting Quit Date Nicotine Replacement Drug Therapy Hypnosis

Therapeutic Measures (cont’d) Deep Breathing and Coughing Huff Coughing Breathing Exercises

Therapeutic Measures (cont’d) Positioning Fowler’s Semi-Fowler’s Good Lung Down

Oxygen Therapy Nasal Cannula

Oxygen Masks

Transtracheal Oxygen

NMT

MDI

Spacer

Incentive Spirometer

Chest Physiotherapy

Mucous Clearance Device

Chest Drainage Indications Chest Tube Insertion Drainage System Nursing Care

Chest Drainage System

Tracheostomy Definition Indications Nursing Care Suctioning Cleaning Communication Teaching

Passy-Muir Speaking Valve

Intubation

Mechanical Ventilation Invasive Indications Nursing Care Trouble-Shooting Alarms

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Indications Advantages Nursing Care