Expansion and War Objectives: Do Now: Homework: Understand the conflicts that led to the War of 1812. Do Now: Louisiana Purchase Document in packet Hand in Louisiana Purchase exercise Homework: War of 1812 pg. 208

Conflict on the Seas US shipping expanded to control trade between Europe and W. Indies Napoleon’s Continental system forbade ships that had docked at any point in British ports from landing on continent Berlin (1806) + Milan (1807) Decrees Britain’s “orders in council” required goods to continent be in ships that had at least stopped in British ports response to Nap’s “Continental System” American ships caught between countries England greater threat b/c greater sea power and the worse offender

Impressment Brit Navy had terrible conditions, forced service called “impressments” used many deserted when possible and joined Americans to stop loss Brit claimed right to stop and search American merchant ships + reimpress deserters 1807 Chesapeake-Leopard incident: Brit fired on US ship that refused search US Minister James Monroe protested GB refused to renounce impressments

“Peaceable Coercion” To prevent future incidents that might bring war Jefferson proposed The Embargo 1808 prohibited US ship from leaving for any foreign port Created national depression, ship-owners + merchants of NE (mainly Federalists) hardest hit-before James Madison, Jefferson’s Sec of State, won election of 1808 but fierce opposition led Jefferson to end Embargo, replaced with Non-Intercourse Act reopened trade w/ all nations except GB + France 1810 new Macon’s Bill No. 2 opened trade w/ GB + France but president had power to prohibit commerce for belligerent behavior against neutral shipping Napoleon announced France would no longer interfere Madison issued embargo against GB 1811 until it renounced restrictions of American shipping

The “Indian Problem” and the British After dislodgement by Americans, Indians looked to Brits for protection William Henry Harrison had been a promoter of Western expansion (Harrison Land Law 1800), named governor of Indiana 1801 by Jefferson. Offered Indians ultimatum: become farmers and assimilate or move to West of Miss. By 1807 tribes mainly ceding land. After Chesapeake incident, however, Brits began to renew Indian friendships to begin defense of invasion into Can

Tecumseh and the Prophet The Prophet was Indian leader inspired religious revival rejection of white culture. Attracted thousands from many tribes at Tippecanoe Creek. Prophet’s brother Tecumseh led joint effort to oppose white civilization Starting 1809 began to unite tribes of Miss. valley, 1811 traveled south to add tribes of the South to alliance 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe Harrison defeated Prophet’s followers and destroyed tribal confederacy. However, thru 1812 continued to attack settlers, encouraged by Brit agents— Americans believed end only thru Can. Invasion

Florida and War Fever “Frontiersman” in N wanted Canada those in S wanted to acquire Spanish Florida in order to stop Indian attacks, gain access to rivers w/ port access 1810 setters in W. Florida captured Spanish fort at Baton Rouge, President Madison agreed to annex territory- Spain Britain’s ally, made pretext for war By 1812 “war harks” elected during 1810 elections eager for war some ardent nationalists seeking territorial expansion, others defense of Republican values Speaker Henry Clay of Kentucky and John Calhoun of SC led Republicans in pressing for Canadian invasion Madison declared war June 18, 1812