SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF DEARTH OF CAD SOFTWARE FOR CONSULTING ENGINEERS IN NIGERIA AND OTHER DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A CASE FOR SOFTWARE RENTING/SUBSCRIPTION BY Engr. DR. C.C. NWOBI-OKOYE & STANLEY OKIY 14TH OF JUNE 2016 1:16 AM

INTRODUCTION 1:16 AM

BACKGROUND More than 75% of the population live on less than $2 per day. More than 90% of budget spent on recurrent expenditure. More than 80% of government revenue comes from petroleum export. 1:16 AM

BACKGROUND A monolithic economy where more than 90% of the foreign exchange comes from export of oil and gas resources. A population of about 170million with a GNI per capita income of about $2,950. Classified by the World Bank as a Lower-middle-income country. 1:16 AM

OUTLINE OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Symbol Revolution Year Information 1 1784 Steam, water, mechanical production equipment 2 1870 Division of labour, electricity, mass production 3 1969 Electronics, IT, automated production 1:16 AM

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Inability to meet targets. Low productivity. Problem of low quality designs. Loss of client goodwill. High cost of creating design. 1:16 AM

AIMS OF STUDY The Aim of this study is to investigate the problems of software ownership among engineers in Nigeria and find the ownership mode that best suits the country. 1:16 AM

Examine various software ownership schemes. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY OBJECTIVES Examine various software ownership schemes. Determine the problems of software ownership among design engineers in Nigeria. Recommend the best software ownership scheme favourable to consulting engineers in Nigeria and other developing countries. 1:16 AM

SIGNIFICANCE OF WORK Improved quality of products. Better design of critical infrastructures needed for development. Improved economic growth and development. 1:16 AM

OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD) 1:16 AM

HISTORY OF COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD) Computer-Aided Design (CAD) discipline can trace its beginnings to the Sketchpad system developed by Ivan Sutherland in 1963. The work of Sutherland prompted the automotive and aerospace companies to take notice and start their own projects to try to harness the power of the computer for their design needs. With the introduction of personal computers, which were cheap and has fairly good graphic capabilities encouraged researchers to develop professional grade CAD software for personal computers. 1:16 AM

HISTORY OF COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD) Personal computers gave rise to second generation CAD systems. In 1982, Autodesk was founded by John Walker. The recent progress and advances made in object-oriented programming, artificial intelligence, database management systems (DBMS) and advanced computer graphics are the major features of third generation CAD systems 1:16 AM

DESIGN USING CAD SYSTEMS Geometric modeling. Engineering analysis. Data storage and retrieval. Automated drafting. 1:16 AM

THE STAGES IN COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN Geometric modeling. Engineering analysis. Design review and evaluation. Automated drafting. 1:16 AM

BENEFITS OF COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN Simplification of complex behaviour pattern of systems. Significant efficiency improvements in engineering design. Greater accuracy in design. Easier modification of design. Easier storage and retrieval of design data. Easy creation of design database for data mining and decision making. Improved engineering productivity Faster designs and Shorter lead times 1:16 AM

BENEFITS OF COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN Reduced engineering personnel requirements Faster response to requests for quotations Avoidance of subcontracting to meet schedules Minimized transcription errors Improved accuracy of design In analysis, easier recognition of component interactions Provides better functional analysis to reduce prototype testing 1:16 AM

SOFTWARE OWNERSHIP SCHEMES Open source ownership. Ad supported free software. Hardware supported free software. Software licensing. Software subscription/rental. 1:16 AM

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 1: Result of questionnaire survey Item Description Number of affirmative answers Number of non-affirmative answers Percentage of respondents with Affirmative answers Does software improve your designs? 50 100.00 CAD Improves design to a large extent 11 39 22.00 CAD Improves design to a very large extent 78.00 Do you have access to all your software need needs? 3 47 96.00 Finance as obstacle to software ownership Advocates of software rental/subscription 45 2 95.74 1:16 AM

DISCUSSION Software rental/subscription is analogous to renting a house where an individual could be sheltered without owning a house. AutoDesk has stopped new perpetual licenses (complete ownership) for individual software products after January 31, 2016. 1:16 AM

RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 1:16 AM

RECOMMENDATIONS It is very expensive for a contractor to own every tool and equipment he needs to execute his contract. Quite unlike contractors, the main tool/equipment used by consulting engineers to do their job is the computer hardware and software. 1:16 AM

Since contractors can rent their tools, designers can equally rent. RECOMMENDATIONS Since contractors can rent their tools, designers can equally rent. It is recommended that all CAD software vendors should introduce rental as an alternative software ownership scheme. 1:16 AM

CONCLUSIONS Industrialization, mechanization and infrastructural development is very important for the growth of any nation. Engineers are arrowheads of industrialization, mechanization and development of sound and durable infrastructures. Computers and automation are at the heart of modern engineering designs, production and construction. 1:16 AM

CONCLUSIONS computer hardware and software are critical to modern industrialization, mechanization and infrastructural development. For developing countries to catch up with developed nations, they need to put in place sound and durable infrastructures needed for industrialization, development and growth. it is expedient that critical software needed for engineering designs be made affordable to engineers in developing countries in order to help speed up growth and development in these nations. 1:16 AM

END THANKS FOR LISTENEING 1:16 AM