OBJECTIVE TWW review the organization of language families and analyze the development of lingua franca in order to evaluate whether we should change our approach to the teaching of English worldwide

Diffusion and Economics Lingua Franca… language used among speakers of different languages for purposes of trade and commerce Need for a common language of international communication

English as Lingua Franca Polish Airline Pilot who flies over France speaks to the traffic controller on the ground in English

English as Lingua Franca Swiss Bankers (who speak a dialect of German) prefer to speak English with German Bankers

English as Lingua Franca English is the official language of… (1) Airbus Aircraft Factory in Toulouse, France (2) Merloni Appliance Headquarters in Fabriano, Italy

Diffusion and Economics Pidgin Language… they combine parts of two or more languages in a simplified structure and vocabulary No native speakers of pidgin languages

Diffusion and Economics Creole Language… a pidgin language that develops into a more complex structure and vocabulary and has become the native language Cajun Language … example

Language and Government Monolingual State – countries in which one language is spoken Examples: (1) Japan in Asia (2) Uruguay and Venezuela in South America (3) Portugal and Poland in Europe (4) Lesotho in Africa

Language and Government Multilingual States – countries in which more than one language is in use Takes Many Forms: (1) Canada/Belgium  two different languages each dominate particular areas (2) India  languages correspond with the states (3) Peru  regional identities of native tongues are in the Andean Mountains

Language and the Government Official Language – multilingual countries which have selected a language (often by the educated and politically powerful elite), to promote internal cohesion Language of the Courts and Government

Language Fragmentation in Sub Saharan Africa Map reflects the dominance of Niger-Congo Language Family Oldest Language = Khoisan Family (click language) Conquest Theory = Bantu NEEDS A CHANGE OF SCALE

Nigeria 400 different languages for 100 million people Without British colonialism, Nigeria would not have existed English = official language Some students feel as though they cannot return to their villages/home areas and function