Points to Emphasize: (1) Completing homework -(a) Homework calendar (2) Taking ownership for one’s learning (b) Taking notes - “Three C’s” (c) Assigned reading & “pop” quizzes - (d) Late work (e) When entering classroom (Tidiness) - Fire drill evac. (3) Rules / Procedures (f) Bathroom policy - (g) Food No hats - (h) Technology / ear buds End of Class (i) Conversation while teacher is talking (Noise) (j) Excused absences & make-up work

Malala Yousafzai

Why History? What lessons does it teach? What’s interesting about it?

Great Men and Women “Inspiration” Abraham Lincoln Rosa Parks

We love to quote the famous people of history!!! - “Education is not the learning of facts, but the training of the mind to think.” Albert Einstein

Association of American Colleges and Universities (AACU) Recent study, published in Inside Higher Ed Found that, “in a number of key areas (oral communication, written communication, critical thinking, being creative) … employers do not believe students are well-prepared for the workforce.” “And these are the kinds of qualities that many colleges say are hallmarks of a liberal education.”

Impact of Wars How did various wars impact life in the United States? 1775 1945 * Mexican American War (1846 – 1848) * WWI (1914 – 1918) * American Revolution (1775 – 1783) * War of 1812 (1812 – 1815) * WWII (1939 – 1945) * Civil War (1861 – 1865)

“Unite the Right Rally” August 11-12, 2017, a white supremacist march https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emylR6BgBxE (0:27 begin)

Robert E. Lee statue in Emancipation Park

“Unite the Right Rally” August 11-12, 2017, a white supremacist march “Jews will not replace us” “Blood and Soil” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emylR6BgBxE (0:27 begin)

Everything has a history!!!!

What were the causes of the U.S. Civil War? Cause of the Civil War What were the causes of the U.S. Civil War? (Discuss w/ a partner next to you)

** In your notes, write down the following prompts for notes, leave a few spaces in between each prompt: State authority over national authority … “The united States …” or “The States united …” A perpetual Union? Nullification and then Secession … National Interests versus States’ Rights …

Moral Issue regarding the Civil War … Legal Issue regarding the Civil War …

Declaration of Independence (Preamble) “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their Creator, with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness, and that to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed … “ -- Thomas Jefferson, 1776

Tradition of State Authority Over National Authority Ideological Tensions Leading to the Civil War Tradition of State Authority Over National Authority Federal government … from Latin word “Foedus” … “State” loyalty stronger than “federal” loyalty …

“The united States …” or “The States united …” The words “united States” used to be a plural entity until after the Civil War.

A Perpetual Union? Preamble to U.S. Constitution: What is the purpose of “Union” in the national government, and does the Constitution mention this “Union” being permanent? Preamble to U.S. Constitution: “We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”

Read the passage below from a document called the “Kentucky resolution”: “1. Resolved, That the several States composing, the United States of America, are not united on the principle of unlimited submission to their general government. [The States unite in the] general government to accomplish special purposes. [But] whensoever the general government assumes undelegated powers, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force. [And the general government is not the] final judge of the extent of the powers delegated to itself.” What is being argued here? What is the main point?

What is being argued is the basis for nullification, the power of the States to nullify a law passed by the Federal Government. Argument for nullification eventually grows by 1860 to assume the right for secession. John C. Calhoun, Southerner and supporter of “Nullification”

Secession Hartford Convention (1814) – first time in U.S. History states (New England states) considered leaving the National Government Secession – breaking away or leaving the country form your own country

Questions: (1) List the historical examples provided in pages 16 to 21 of the American individuals, states, regions, and movements that all demonstrate the secessionist tradition of America. (2) What was the first revolt against national unity in the United States, and why did these individuals revolt? (3) (a) The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions provided the basis for what idea? (b) Who were these resolutions written by, and why is this significant? (4) Summarize in your own words, what were the central questions regarding the ambiguity of the Constitution? (5) From pages 16 to 21, what is the author’s central argument within this passage?