The Study of Geography Chapter 1

Section 1 Objectives Identify the 2 main branches of Geography Explain how we use Geography Describe some ways we can organize our world & the study of Geography

What is Geography? Book  the study of everything on Earth, from rocks and rainfall to people and places. Coach  The study of the Earth and anything that effects it.

What things do geographers look at? Plants Cultures Cities Resources Economy Governments History ETC

What is perspective and how do geographers use it? Definition Uses The way a person looks at something Use spatial perspective to explain patterns of where things are located and how they are arranged.

Define Human Geography The study of characteristics and distributions of the world’s people.

Define Physical Geography The study of Earth’s natural environments: Landforms, water features, atmosphere, animals, etc.

Give examples of how everyday people use geography Directions  How to get to a location Locations  Knowing where something is Politics  Voting districts Watching the News  Knowing what parts of the city you live in Schools  School Districts

List and define some subfields of geography Meteorology  the study of weather Cartography  the study of maps and map making Biology  the study of all living things Archeology  the study of history What others can you name and define?

ID & define important concepts in geography Regions  an area with one or more common features that makes it different from surrounding areas. Regions can be formal if the feature be used to separate it is clearly identified. Physical Features  climate, soil, river systems, and vegetation that can be found there. All things dealing with Physical geography. Human Features  Languages, religions, & trade networks of an area.

List the features of a physical region Common Criteria Established boundaries

List the types of regions & define them Functional region  made up of different places that are linked together and function as a unit. Perceptual Region  reflect human feelings and attitudes Formal Region  (See definition for region)

List and Define the 5 Themes of geography 1. Location  Deals with an/a exact or relative spot. 2. Place  Includes physical & human features of a location. 3. Movement  involves how people and things change location and the effects of these changes.

List and Define the 5 Themes of geography 4. Regions  organizes the Earth into geographic areas with 1 or more shared characteristics. 5. Human Environment Interaction  covers the ways people & environments interrelate with affect to each other.

List and Define the 6 Elements 1. World in Spatial Terms  focus on geography’s spatial perspective. The use of maps for this is crucial. 3. Physical System  shape Earth’s features by studying earthquakes, mountain, weather pattern 2. Places & Regions  deals with the physical and human features of how those places & how we define & perceive various regions 4. Human System  our activities, movement & settlements shape earth’s surface

List and Define the 6 Elements 5. Environment & Society  relationship between people and the environment & how they affect each other. 6. Use of Geography  helps us understand relationships between people, places or environment over time. Can help interpret past or present, and plan for the future.

Section 2 Objectives Explain how geographers and mapmakers organize the world. Id. Kinds of special maps geographers use Describe how geographers use climate graphs and population pyramids.

What are Latitude and Longitude Lines? How are they used? Imaginary lines used to form a grid around the world in order to identify location. Usually read with lines of Latitude first, but if properly labeled it does not matter. Find these locations: 35 N, 90 W 22.5 S, 43 W 10 E, 60 N 17 E, 22.5 S Latitude  Lines around the globe that measure North and South from the Equator. The Equator is the 0 degree mark. Latitude lines are usually referred to as parallels. Longitude  Lines around the globe that measure East and West from the Prime Meridian. The Prime Meridian is the 0 mark with the International Date line the 180 degree mark. Longitude lines are usually referred to as meridians.

What are some ways that geographers organize the world? Hemispheres  Half of the world Continents  7 large land surfaces Oceans  large bodies of water Take a moment to see if you can name all in the above categories.

Name 3 types of map projections. Mercator  This projection is in cylindrical form. Often called the cylindrical projection Is good for navigation Distortion increases the farther you move from the Equator

Name 3 types of map projections. Conic  Is shown as if someone placed a cone around the area Is accurate in the area the cone would touch but distortion increases in the middle of the map. Good for looking at the North and South Poles Can you see Santa’s workshop with this map?

Name 3 types of map projections. Flat Plain  As if some one mapped the area where the round world touched a flat piece of paper. Great for true direction Greatly distorts the shape of landforms and surface

List the essential map elements Title  This should tell you what and where you are looking at. Eg. Physical Map: Central Asia Directional Indicator  Informs the reader of what direction is North. Most well known of these is the compass rose Legend  Often referred to as the “Key”. This informs the reader what the symbols on a map mean and represent Distance scale  relates distance on the map to true distance Ways that this is represented: 1:100 Or with a line and a degree of measurement

Give examples of 6 different types of maps Climate Map: Shows the climate or climates of the areas on the map.

Give examples of 6 different types of maps Precipitation Map: Shows the annual average rainfall of the area being mapped.

Give examples of 6 different types of maps Population Map: Shows the average number of people living in the area being mapped

Give examples of 6 different types of maps Physical Map: Shows the elevation of areas being mapped.

Give examples of 6 different types of maps Political Map: Shows boundary lines of the area being mapped

Give examples of 6 different types of maps Topographic Map: Shows the topography of the landscape.

Define Topography Elevation, Layout, and shape of the land Example can be found on the previous slide

Give a description of a population pyramid and climate graph. Shows average temperature and rainfall in an area for a year by the months. Tells us the number of people in an age group in a specific gender.