Stoichiometric Relationships Assessment Statement 1.1 IB Chemistry SL

Assessment Statement 1.1 Nature of Matter Element-A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances OR a substance made up of all the same atoms (having same number of protons) Compound-Two or more elements combined

Substance vs Mixture Lots of times I will use the term “substance”. It refers to a particular kind of matter that is pure or uniform composition (all the same). Remember from previous years matter is anything that takes up space. Mixture-more than one kind of matter (variable composition)

Properties There are ways we can describe matter. It can have either physical or chemical properties. Physical Properties- a property that can be observed and measured without changing the composition. Examples- color, hardness, m.p., b.p. Chemical Properties- a property that can only be observed by changing the composition of the material.

States of matter Solid- matter that has a definite shape and has definite volume (does not flow). Liquid- matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container (flows). Gas- a substance that does not have definite volume or shape (flows).

Phase Changes Diagram from nsta.org

Forces, NOT TO INCREASE THE TEMPERATURE!!! Remember, energy added during a phase change works to break apart intermolecular, Forces, NOT TO INCREASE THE TEMPERATURE!!! Diagram mrzimmerman.org

Types of Mixtures Homogeneous-same throughout salt water, sugar water, air, Heterogeneous-different throughout gravel, soil, salad

Compound or Mixture Compound Mixture One kind of material More than Made by chemical change Made by physical change Definite composition Variable

Separation of Mixtures You are able to separate mixtures based on their properties. For example if you have a homogeneous mixture of two liquids with different boiling points, you could boil them. The one with the lower b.p. would vaporize and could be collected. This method is referred to as distillation. Find several other ways that you could separate mixtures, we will discuss in class.

State Symbols You need to be able to distinguish between the states of matter and write in the appropriate “state symbol” when necessary. You have (s), (l), (g), and (aq). You have probably heard of the first three, but the last one stands for aqueous which means the substance has been dissolved in water to form a solution. www.revisescience.co.uk

Deduce Chemical Equations According to IB, you must be able to deduce chemical reaction given the reactants and products. SOMETIMES, you will have to deduce the chemical equations given only the reactants. In order to do this, you will need to know the five reaction types and names and charges of the polyatomic ions. (I have provided you with each of these)

THREE ITEMS FOR NEW CURRICULUM THAT ARE NOT IN YOUR BOOK Atom Utilization and Atom Economy Refrigeration Freeze-Drying Watch IB Chemistry Video Series using the link from my webpage for a good explanation of each of these.